Psych 3 Flashcards
What most people probably think of when they define personality
It says the personality consists of a set of traits, which are characteristics that vary between people
Trait theory of personality
Assume’s that a person’s genome contributes to the formation of personality, and that personality traits differ in the extent to which they are influenced by heredity versus environmental factors
Biological Theory of Personality
An innate, genetically influenced baseline of personality that includes the infant’s tendency towards certain patterns of emotion and social interaction
Temperament
Useful in separating the effects of genetics and the environment by building a picture of which traits are more closely tied to genetics than others
Twin Studies
Pioneered by Sigmund Freud, proposes a universal personality structure that contributes both to behaviour and to differences between people
Psychoanalytic Theory
The most primitive part of personality , which seeks instant gratification with no consideration for morality or social norms
ID
Develops later in life through internalization of society’s rules for moral behaviour, learned primarily through interactions with caregivers
Superego
Part of personality that is forced to direct behaviour in a way that balances the demands of the id and the superego
Ego
Personality of constructed by a series of learning experiences that occur through interactions between the individual and their environment
Behaviourist Theory
Focuses on learning experiences and observable behaviours.
It considers the contributions of an individual’s mental life and personal choices
Social Cognitive
People continually seek experiences that make them better, more fulfilled individuals
Humanistic Theory
Most fundamentally the collection of lasting characteristics that makes a person unique
Personality
The concept of enduring personality traits is fatally flawed because of the variations in behaviour that occur across different situations
Situational Approach to explaining behaviour
A person’s view if who they are in terms of both internal factors, including personality traits, and social or external factors, like group membership
Identity
The knowledge of oneself as a person both separate from other people and constant throughout changing situations
Self-Concept
The perception of oneself as a member of certain social groups
Social identity
Race/ethnicity,bgender, age, sexual orientation, and class
Types of identities