Psych 123 Flashcards
Define Qualia
The subjective experience of a perception ie- seeing the colour red
Name the 3 principles of Behaviourism
1- Aim to explain behaviour and not thoughts that are directly observable and objective
2- Result in simple theories
3-The objective is to break down behaviour into irreducible units
What are the levels of explanation (Marr, 1982)
- Computational
- Algorithmic
- Physical
What is an Independent Variable?
The manipulation and factor you change
What is the dependent variable?
The measure or outcome
This is directly affected by the IV
What is the cognitive approach?
You cant understand all of human behaviour only by stimulus response
Name the levels of measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Define reliability
How consistent a measure is
What are the types of reliability (3)
- test-retest method
- internal consistency
- inter-rater reliability
Define validity
Are you measuring what you think your measuring?
Name the types of validity
- Face validity
- Criterion validity
- Content validity
What direction does the bell curve shift if it is a positive skew?
Left
What is a within subject design
All the participants do both conditions
What is a between subject design
2 separate groups, half do 1 condition, the other do the other
Weakness of Within subject design and how to fix
Order effects ie fatigue and practice
Can be minimised using counterbalancing
Name a strength of between subject design
If the aim of the study is obvious, then this can be used to reduce demand characteristics
What are Extraneous variables
Any influence on the DV (outside the IV)
What is a confounding variable
A type of EV that impacts the DV and causes a difference between the 2 groups ie temperature, smoking or not, if you’ve just eaten etc
What is experimenter bias and how to fix it
when an experimenter treats one group of ppts differently than another, to fix they should follow a script
What is selection bias
the type of people to voluunteer to participate may be more naturally helpful etc
what are the possible problems in experiments (6)
- Order effects
- Demand characteristics
- Selection bias
- Assignment/allocation bias
- Experimenter bias
- Confirmation bias
What are the 3 types of measures?
Self report
behavioural
physiological
Content Validity
Does the measure cover the variables you intend to measure.
Criterion Validity
How well your measure varies with known measures
