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1st Year Psych Uni > Psych 113 (social psychology) > Flashcards

Psych 113 (social psychology) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)?

A

a bias in attributing other’s behaviour to internal causes over situational

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2
Q

What is Actor Observer Discrepancy?

A

Our behaviour is due to external factors, but others is internal with no reasoning.

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3
Q

What does Trope (1986) photo study show about emotion?

A

participants were shown photos of sad people
they rated them as being ‘sadder’ if they were told they were at a funeral
shows context is key to interpretations

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4
Q

What did Ambady et al (1999) show about sexual orientation judgements?

A

55% accurate on photos
70% accurate on a silent video

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5
Q

What does the OCEAN acronym stand for?

A

openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism

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6
Q

What can bias an impression? (3)

A

physical appearance
stereotypes
primacy and recency effect (Asch, 1947)

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7
Q

What is the Primacy-Recency Effect and who proposed it?

A

Asch, 1947
people tend to remember the first and last items of an interaction, but not the middle ones

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8
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of a face?

A

Intension
Ability
Attractiveness

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9
Q

Jaeger et al (2018)
Air BnB Study

A

Found that ‘more attractive’ hosts charged more
found black hosts charge lower

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10
Q

what is a benefit of isolation?

A

increases creativity and freedom of expression

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11
Q

What is a sociotropic orientation?

A

individuals who value closeness and social acceptance to boost self esteem

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12
Q

What is a soliotropic orientation?

A

The tendency to enjoy time alone and interact with others less.

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13
Q

What is the social affiliation model? (O’Connor & Rosenblood, 1996)

A

The idea that we seek interaction to be consistent with our internal optimum range (this is different for everyone)

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14
Q

What are the physical effects of isolation on the body? (4)

A
  • reduces hippocampus size
  • increases amygdala activity
  • increases the risk of a heart attack
  • increases susceptibility to common colds
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15
Q

What are the 4 different types of relationships?

A
  • support clique
  • sympathy group
  • friendship group
  • clansmen
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16
Q

What are the situational factors in relationship formation? (4)

A
  • Proximity
  • familiarity
  • availability
  • expectation of continued interaction
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17
Q

What is the repulsion hypothesis?

A

the idea that similarity doesn’t lead to liking, it is dislike that pushes people apart.

18
Q

What are the 3 aspects in the love triangle (Sternberg, 1988)

A

Passion (physical sexual attraction)
Intimacy (emotional warmth)
Commitment (resolve to maintain)

19
Q

What are the 4 factors of a relationship breakdown (Levinger, 1980)

A
  • a new life is needed
  • alternative partners are available
  • expectation of failure
  • lack of commitment
20
Q

What are the 3 stages of social contagion? (Le Bon, 1896)

A
  1. Submergence
  2. Contagion
  3. Suggestion
21
Q

What is the Deindividuation Theory (Diener, 1980)?

A

Suggests that negative behaviour is more likely when there is anonymity as we feel less responsible and are guided by impulse

22
Q

According to Baron (1977) what are the 3 elements to aggression?

A
  • intent to harm the victim
  • the victim must be living
  • the victim must be motivated to avoid harm
23
Q

What is Lorenz’s (1966) biological theory of aggression?

A

Suggests that aggression is an instinct which has evolved in natural selection, and it is inevitable.

24
Q

What is the Social Constructivist Theory of aggression? (Averill, 1981)

A

The idea has been created and accepted by people in society, so aggression is a socially programmed response that culturally differs.

25
Q

What is the by-stander calculus model? (Pilivan et al., 1981)- 3 stages

A
  • Physiological arousal and empathetic response
  • labelling arousal
  • evaluating consequence
26
Q

What are the 5 cues for Correspondent Inference Theory?

A
  1. Was the act freely chosen?
  2. produced a non common effect
  3. socially desirable?
  4. directly impacted you
  5. Act was personal?
27
Q

According to Armor & Taylor 2002, what is the optimism bias?

A

The belief that we are less likely to experience a negative event

28
Q

What is an internal locus of control?

A

the belief that hard work determines future
they tend to have less heart attacks and a higher academic achievement.

29
Q

What is the ABC model in attitude formation?

A

A- Affective component
B- Behavioural component
C- Cognitive component

30
Q

How are attitudes formed? (2 factors)

A

Factor 1- mere exposure effect

factor 2- classical and operant conditioning

31
Q

What is an autocratic leader?

A

task focused, makes all the decisions, not very liked, high productivity when present but low when not

32
Q

What is the peripheral trait in impression formation

A

the trait that is less influential in impression formation

33
Q

Amygdala

A

The brain region responsible for memory, decision making and emotions

34
Q

Hospitalism

A

A state of apathy and depression in infants due to a lack of social contact

35
Q

Social Brain Hypothesis

A

The intelligence needed for navigating life in social groups, related to Theory of Mind

36
Q

Assortative mating

A

The tendency to chose partners with similar characteristics

37
Q

Hamilton’s Rule

A

Altruism evolves if relatedness (r) x benefit to recipient (B) > cost to altruist (C)

38
Q

Affective empathy

A

The automatic emotional response to other’s feelings

39
Q

Cognitive empathy

A

the conscious effort to understand another’s emotional state.

40
Q

Pluralistic ignorance

A

Privately rejecting a norm while incorrectly assuming others accept it

41
Q

Just-World Hypothesis

A

The belief that people get what they deserve, impacting behaviour and empathy

1st Year Psych Uni (6 decks)

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