Psych Flashcards
Danger Signals
S_____ Risk Factors
Acute S_____ Syndrome
Malignant ______ Syndrome
Suicide Risk Factors
Acute Serotonin Syndrome (Serotonin Toxicity)
Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome
Suicide Risk Factors
- Older people who have recently lost a _____ (due to death or divorce)
- Plan involving a g___ or other lethal weapon
- H_____ of attempted suicide and/or family history of suicide
- M____ illness such as depression, bipolar disorder
- History of sexual, emotional, and/or physical ____
- T_____ illness, chronic illness, chronic p____
- Al____ abuse, s______ abuse
- Age 1__ to 2__ years or over age ___
- Older people who have recently lost a spouse (due to death or divorce)
- Plan involving a gun or other lethal weapon
- History of attempted suicide and/or family history of suicide
- Mental illness such as depression, bipolar disorder
- History of sexual, emotional, and/or physical abuse
- Terminal illness, chronic illness, chronic pain
- Alcohol abuse, substance abuse
- Age 15 to 24 years or over age 60
Suicide Risk Factors Cont.
Demographic subgroups: American I_____ and A_____ Native youth and middle-age persons have the highest rate of suicide; _____ Americans have the lowest suicide rate
Significant l____ (divorce, breakup with boyfriend/girlfriend, job loss, death of a loved one)
(1) gender make more attempts compared with (1) gender, but (1) gender are more likely to die by suicide
Elderly (1) gender who recently lost a partner are at highest risk of suicide
Demographic subgroups: American Indian and Alaska Native youth and middle-age persons have the highest rate of suicide; African Americans have the lowest suicide rate
Significant loss (divorce, breakup with boyfriend/girlfriend, job loss, death of a loved one)
Females make more attempts compared with males, but males are more likely to die by suicide
Elderly males who recently lost a partner are at highest risk of suicide
(1)
Occurs from high levels of serotonin accumulating in the body due to the introduction of a new drug (drug interaction) and an increase in the dose. Has acute onset with rapid progression.
Acute Serotonin Syndrome (Serotonin Toxicity)
Acute Serotonin Syndrome (Serotonin Toxicity)
The Hunter Toxicity Criteria Decision Rules
A patient must have taken a serotonergic agent and meet one of the following conditions:
- spontaneous cl_____
- inducible clonus plus ag_____ and di______
- o_____ clonus plus agitation or diaphoresis
- tr____ plus h____reflexia
- or h____tonia plus temperature >___C plus ocular clonus or inducible clonus.
The Hunter Toxicity Criteria Decision Rules
A patient must have taken a serotonergic agent and meet one of the following conditions:
- spontaneous clonus
- inducible clonus plus agitation and diaphoresis
- ocular clonus plus agitation or diaphoresis
- tremor plus hyperreflexia
- or hypertonia plus temperature >100.4°F (38°C) plus ocular clonus or inducible clonus.
Acute Serotonin Syndrome (Serotonin Toxicity)
Look for ____ pupils (mydriasis).
Higher risk if combining two drugs that both block serotonin (i.e., S____, M____, T____, tr____, tryptophan).
If switching to another drug affecting serotonin, wait a minimum of __ weeks.
Acute serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction. Refer to ___.
Look for dilated pupils (mydriasis).
Higher risk if combining two drugs that both block serotonin (i.e., SSRIs, MAOIs, TCAs, triptans, tryptophan).
If switching to another drug affecting serotonin, wait a minimum of 2 weeks.
Acute serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction. Refer to ED.
Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome
=
Rare life-threatening idiopathic reaction from typical and atypical antipsychotics
Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome Causes
It is most often seen with ____-potency, ____-generation antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, haloperidol).
It can also be seen in _____ disease (parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome) due to ______ of l-dopa or dopamine agonist therapy, dose reduction, or switching medications.
Syndrome usually develops following in_____ or a rapid in_____ in dose.
It is most often seen with high-potency, first-generation antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, haloperidol).
It can also be seen in Parkinson disease (parkinsonism hyperpyrexia syndrome) due to withdrawal of l-dopa or dopamine agonist therapy, dose reduction, or switching medications.
Syndrome usually develops following initiation or a rapid increase in dose.
Malignant Neuroleptic Syndrome S/S
Sudden onset of high f____, muscular r_____, m_____status changes, dysautonomia (fluctuating (1) VS), and urinary ______.
Look for a history of mental illness and prescription of an (1)(s).
This is a potentially ___-threatening reaction. Mortality rate of 10% to 20%. Refer to ___ or call ____.
Sudden onset of high fever, muscular rigidity, mental status changes, dysautonomia (fluctuating blood pressure [BP]), and urinary incontinence.
Look for a history of mental illness and prescription of an antipsychotic(s).
This is a potentially life-threatening reaction. Mortality rate of 10% to 20%. Refer to ED or call 911.
(1)
This Act allows 72 hours (3 days) of involuntary detention for evaluation and treatment of persons who are considered at very high risk for suicide and/or hurting others
The Baker Act
Common Mental Health Questionnaires
- (1) Depression Inventory-II:* A multiple-choice self-report inventory for evaluating depression. Based on the theory that negative cognitions about the self and world in general can cause depression.
- (1):* The diagnostic manual for mental and emotional disorders created and used by the APA.
- (1):* A questionnaire used to evaluate an individual for confusion and dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s, stroke)
- Beck Depression Inventory-II:* A multiple-choice self-report inventory for evaluating depression. Based on the theory that negative cognitions about the self and world in general can cause depression.
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5;* The diagnostic manual for mental and emotional disorders created and used by the APA.
- Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam* (MMSE): A questionnaire used to evaluate an individual for confusion and dementia (e.g., Alzheimer’s, stroke); see
Common Mental Health Questionnaires
- (1):* A 30-item (yes/no response) questionnaire. Shorter version contains 15 items. Used to assess depression in the elderly. Self-assessment format.
- (1):* A 7-item screening tool for helping to identify patients with anxiety. Is a valid and efficient tool (89% sensitivity and 82% specificity). The higher the score, the higher the anxiety level. Severe anxiety (15 or higher), moderate anxiety (10 points), and mild anxiety (5 points).
- Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS):* A 30-item (yes/no response) questionnaire. Shorter version contains 15 items. Used to assess depression in the elderly. Self-assessment format.
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD 7) Scale:* A 7-item screening tool for helping to identify patients with anxiety. The GAD 7 is a valid and efficient tool (89% sensitivity and 82% specificity). The higher the score, the higher the anxiety level. Severe anxiety (15 or higher), moderate anxiety (10 points), and mild anxiety (5 points).
Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam
(1) : What is the date today? (current day, month, year) Location? (name of the city, county, state)
(1) : Instruct patient that you will be testing their memory; say three unrelated words (pencil, apple, ball); ask patient to repeat words
(1) : Say “Starting at 100, count backward and keep subtracting 7.” Say “Spell the word world backward.”
(1): Give person one blank piece of paper and ask them to write a sentence
Draw intersecting pentagons; ask patient to copy the pentagons
Orientation: What is the date today? (current day, month, year) Location? (name of the city, county, state)
Immediate Recall: Instruct patient that you will be testing their memory; say three unrelated words (pencil, apple, ball); ask patient to repeat words
Attention and Calculation: Say “Starting at 100, count backward and keep subtracting 7.” Say “Spell the word world backward.”
Writing and Copying: Give person one blank piece of paper and ask them to write a sentence
Draw intersecting pentagons; ask patient to copy the pentagons
Folstein Mini-Mental State Exam Scoring
Max Score =
Score indicating impairment
Maximum score is 30 correctly done
Score of <19 indicates impairment
(1)
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Atypical Antipsychotics
Second-generation antipsychotics are serotonin-dopamine antagonists and are also known as atypical antipsychotics.
Atypical Antipsychotics AE
Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Risperidone (Risperdal), Quetiapine (Seroquel)
O_____
D_____ type 2
Obesity
Diabetes type 2
Atypical Antipsychotics Monitoring
Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Risperidone (Risperdal), Quetiapine (Seroquel)
All can cause ____ gain
Check B _ _
Check weight every __ months
All can cause weight gain
Check BMI
Check weight every 3 months
(1)
Haloperidol (Haldol), chlorpromazine
Typical Antipsychotics
First-generation antipsychotics are dopamine receptor antagonists (DRA) and are known as typical antipsychotics
Typical Antipsychotics AE
Haloperidol (Haldol), Chlorpromazine
Elevates l_____/tr______
E _ _ effects*
T_____ dyskinesia*
___ prolongation
Sudden _____
(1) syndrome (rare)
Elevates lipids/triglycerides
Extrapyramidal effects*
Tardive dyskinesia*
QT prolongation
Sudden death
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome (rare)
Typical Antipsychotics Monitoring
Haloperidol (Haldol), Chlorpromazine
Labs: Fasting blood g____ and l____ profile
Black Box Warning: Frail elderly are at higher risk of ____ from antipsychotics
Look for E_____ symptoms such as dys____, p_____sonism, ak____ (inability to stay still), t_____ dyskinesia
Labs: Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile
Black Box Warning: Frail elderly are at higher risk of death from antipsychotics
Look for extrapyramidal symptoms such as dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia (inability to stay still), tardive dyskinesia
(1)
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Valproate (Depakote)
Anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsants AE
(1)
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (Lamictal)
Anticonvulsants Monitoring
Advise patient to report r____ (Stevens–Johnson); some anticonvulsants are also used as a ____ stabilizer for ____disorder
Monitor serum (1) concentration
Check serum (1) acid concentration
Advise patient to report rashes (Stevens–Johnson); some anticonvulsants are also used as a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder
Monitor serum carbamezapine concentration
Check serum valproic acid concentration
(1)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Citalopram (Celexa)
Escitalopram (Lexapro)*
SSRIs