psyc332 ch 8 Flashcards
Assignment bias
A threat to internal validity that occurs when the process used to assign different participants to different treatments produces groups of individuals with noticeably different characteristics
Betweensubjects design
A research design in which each of the different groups of scores is obtained from a separate group of participants Also known as an independentmeasures design
Betweensubjects experimental design
An experimental design using a separate independent group of individuals for each treatment condition being compared Also known as an independentmeasures experimental design
Compensatory equalization
A threat to internal validity that occurs when an untreated group demands to receive a treatment that is the same as or equivalent to the treatment received by another group in the research study
Compensatory rivalry
A threat to internal validity that occurs when an untreated group learns about special treatment received by another group then works extra hard to show they can perform just as well as that group
Differential attrition
A threat to internal validity that occurs when attrition in one group is systematically different from the attrition in another group
Diffusion
A threat to internal validity that occurs when a treatment effect spreads from the treatment group to the control group usually from participants talking to each other
Independentmeasures t test
In a betweensubjects design a hypothesis test that evaluates the statistical significance of the mean difference between two separate groups of participants
Independentmeasures design
A research design in which each of the different groups of scores is obtained from a separate group of participants See betweensubjects design
Independentmeasures experimental design
An experimental design using a separate independent group of individuals for each treatment condition being compared See betweensubjects experimental design
Individual differences
Characteristics that differ from one participant to another
Matching
The assignment of individuals to groups so that a specific variable is balanced or matched across the groups
Random assignment
A procedure in which a random process is used to assign participants to treatment conditions
Resentful demoralization
A threat to internal validity that occurs when an untreated group learns of special treatment given to another group and becomes less productive and less motivated because they resent the other groups expected superiority
Restricted random assignment
A random process for assigning individuals to groups that has a limitation to ensure predetermined characteristics such as equal size for the separate groups
Singlefactor multiplegroup design
A research design comparing more than two groups of participants or groups of scores representing more than two levels of the same factor
Singlefactor twogroup design
A research design comparing two groups of participants or two groups of scores representing two levels of a factor Also known as the twogroup design
Twogroup design
See singlefactor twogroup design
Variance within groups
See variance within treatments
Variance within treatments
A measure of the differences between scores for a group of individuals who have all received the same treatment The intent is to measure naturally occurring differences that have not been caused by a treatment effect Also known as variance within groups
Withinsubjects design
A research design in which the different groups of scores are all obtained from the same group of participants Also known as repeatedmeasures design
