PSYC 561: Multicultural Counseling Flashcards
1
Q
Acculturation
A
- Refers to the process of minority groups internalizing the values, beliefs, and traditions of the larger/majority group
- This occurs at the individual level and group level
- Can result in stress for those of the minority status
- clinician should be able to identify a client’s level of acculturation because it can affect their worldview and response to their surroundings
Ex:
2
Q
ADDRESSING Model
A
- An acronym that describes several facets of identity that are often overlooked
- Learning these aspects of a clients identity can help us understand them in a more holistic way
- The acronym stands for:
- A: age
- D: disability at birth
- D: disability acquired
- R: religion
- E: ethnicity
- S: Socioeconomic status
- S: sexual orientation
- I: indigenous heritage
- N: nation of origin
- G: gender identity/pronouns
Ex:
3
Q
Assimilation
A
- Refers to the process when an immigrant to a new culture adopts that culture’s beliefs and practices
- Immigrants often feel great pressure to blend in
- May also feel embraced if they appear to belong to the culture
- However, can cause stress for the individual and for those around them
Ex:
4
Q
Bicultural
A
- Occurs when an individual ascribes to values and customs of two different cultural identities
- Identifying as bicultural can be difficult in a society that encourages assimilation and an either-or attitude
- you can communicate functionally and effectively in both cultures
Ex:
5
Q
Collectivism
A
- Occurs when the psychosocial unit of operation resides in the family/group/collective society rather than the individual
- Under this worldview, the needs and interests of the individual are sacrificed to meet the needs of the whole group
- Collectivism is typically prominent in Eastern cultures
Ex:
6
Q
Coming Out Process
A
- A process when a member of the LGBTQIA+ community reveals their gender identity or sexual orientation to others
- This is not a “one and done” process as the individual often has to “come out” several times in their lives
- There can be both positive and negative consequences depending on the individual and those around them
Ex:
7
Q
Cross’s Model of Racial Identity
A
- Model developed during the Civil Rights movement
- Delineates a five-stage process in which black people in the United States move from a white frame of reference to a positive black from of reference
- The five stages include:
1. Pre-encounter (focus on assimilation)
2. Encounter (event challenges beliefs and causes shift)
3. Immersion-Emersion (pulls away from white culture and enters black culture)
4. Internalization (accepts both clitires but feels most connected to black culture)
5. Internalization-Commitment (individual commits to and embraces black culture) - Acronym: Please encounter everyone in interest
Ex:
8
Q
Cultural Competence
A
- The awareness, knowledge and skills needed to function and work effectively with culturally diverse populations
- The therapist must understand the various influences of culture on a person’s behavior and interactions
- Cultural competence is not a “check box”, but rather a lifelong process in which the therapist must continually engage
Ex:
9
Q
Cultural Relativism
A
- Refers to the belief that manifestation and treatment of psychological disorders must take cultural differences into consideration
- The client’s worldview and behaviors/emotional expression must be understood through the lens of their cultural identity
Ex:
10
Q
Cultural Racism
A
- Rationalizes and perpetuates racial inequality via the ideology of cultural superiority and inferiority
- It values whiteness and white culture
- Devalues stereotypes
- Labels culturally diverse groups as “other” or “less than”
Ex:
11
Q
Cultural Universality
A
- Refers to the view that values, concepts, and behaviors characteristic of diverse cultures can be judged according to universal standards
- Under this lens, it is believed that culturally diverse populations can be treated just the same as Western populations AND
- cultural differences do not need to be considered
Ex:
12
Q
Culture
A
- The distinctive customs, values, beliefs, knowledge, art, and language of a society or community
- These values and concepts are passed on from generation to generation AND
- are the basis for everyday behaviors/practices
- One’s culture often has a significant influence on one’s identity and their internal frame of reference
Ex:
13
Q
Culture Bound
A
- Refers to behaviors, values, and beliefs that are linked to a specific culture or group
- Certain syndromes/disorders as well as treatments may be culturally bound
- meaning they are only found in that culture
- Therapists must be aware of these specific cultures so as not to misdiagnose or offend the client’s practice, particularly if it’s considered normal/healthy in their cultural lens
Ex:
14
Q
Emic
A
- Refers to cultural specificity
- Cultural differences must be considered in the diagnoses and treatment of diverse groups
- The emic perspective emphasizes culture-specific norms/views in the context of the client’s culture
- “M” for multicultural
Ex:
15
Q
Ethnicity
A
- term used to describe belonging to a social group
- with a common heritage which can include nation of origin, cultural tradition, religion, or language
- influences one’s identity
- Race and ethnicity commonly overlap
- therapist must be aware of client’s ethnicity when assessing, diagnosing, and treating
Ex: Therapist uses the addressing model to obtain information about a client’s identity. The client identifies as a straight Mexican male who speaks Spanish and practices catholicism. His ethnicity is hispanic. The clinician takes his ethnicity (as well as other parts of his identity) into consideration to better conceptualize the client’s case and provide an appropriate diagnosis as well as form an effective and culturally appropriate treatment plan.
16
Q
Ethnocentrism
A
- An evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions that originate in the standards/customs of one’s own culture(s)
- it becomes problematic when a majority culture is ethnocentric and attempts to make people assimilate
- Therapists must be careful not to perpetuate ethnocentrism in their practice
Ex: A clinician tells a Native American client that sweat lodges are silly and they should just go along with the American way.
17
Q
Etic
A
- Refers to cultural universality and
- the belief that human beings share overwhelming commonalities
- and that the manifestation/treatment of disorders are similar across all cultures
- The etic perspective downplays cultural differences and assumes similarities between all group of people
- “T” for total perspective
Ex:
