PSYC 507: Psychopathology Flashcards
1
Q
ADHD
A
- neurodevelopmental disorder
- persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
- interferes with functioning or development
- primary cause thought to be biological and related to frontal lobes
- typically treated with stimulant medications and behavioral therapy
Ex: A 7-year-old client is brought in following issues at school. He is not able to sit in his chair for more than 2 minutes at a time, is blurting out answers rather than raising his hand. He is exhibiting symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of ADHD.
2
Q
Anxiety Disorders
A
- A group of disorders in the DSM-5
- Characterized by anxiety or an emotional/physiological response to an anticipated or imagined danger – not an imminent threat of danger
- commonly involve avoidance of anxiety-inducing stimuli
- treated with medications such as benzodiazepines and/or SSRI’s AND CBT and/or exposure therapy
Ex:
3
Q
Anxiety Sensitivity
A
- Term meaning the presence of a fear associated with anxiety symptoms – typically a mis-assessment of bodily sensations found with anxiety
- the individual believes symptoms will cause harmful consequences
- the feeling of anxiety symptoms often worsens the initial anxiety
Ex:
4
Q
Assessment Interview
A
- Process of collecting relevant info about a client and their history
- allows the clinician to begin forming conceptualization of the case
- clinician gathers information about the client’s history and presenting problem(s)
- interviews may be structured (follows set list of questions) or unstructured (more conversation based)
Ex:
5
Q
Bipolar I vs Bipolar II Disorder
A
- Bipolar I is characterized by current FULL manic episode that may be preceded or succeeded by major depressive episodes
- Bipolar II is characterized by current or past hypomanic episode that is preceded or succeeded by major depressive episodes
- Mania differs from hypomania in that it lasts consistently for 1+ weeks (or if hospitalization is necessary) AND mood disturbance is severe enough to cause marked impairment
- Hypo mania is a less severe form of mania
- Bipolar II has the potential to develop into Bipolar I if left untreated
Ex:
6
Q
Borderline Personality Disorder
A
- A cluster B personality disorder
- characterized by pervasive patterns of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and has marked impulsivity
- Often diagnosed in early adulthood
- Often has components of recurrent suicidal behavior and self-injurious behavior
Ex:
7
Q
Case Study
A
- Type of research that takes in depth look at an individual and their history
- typically useful for studying disorders that are rare
- lack generalizability because they are completed with a single individual
- cannot establish a cause/effect relationship
Ex:
8
Q
Categorical vs Dimensional Diagnosis
A
- Terms used to refer to types of diagnostic approaches
- A categorical approach (aka medical model) views each diagnosis separately with no overlapping features
- Categorical makes it easy to provide a diagnosis
- A dimensional approach believes symptoms overlap and the combination is often what determines the diagnosis
- Dimensional model allows us to assess the severity of symptoms
Ex: A client comes in presenting problems with sleeping, decreased appetite, disinterest in hobbies and doesn’t feel like they have much of a future. From the categorical approach, the therapist can provide a diagnosis of depression. From a dimensional model, the clinician can assess the severity of sx’s of depression with a scale.
9
Q
Clinical significance
A
- Term used to describe the practical importance of a particular treatment effect and whether or not the treatment has a genuine effect on the client’s daily life
- refers to the degree of usefulness in clinical practice and overall impact of client’s functioning and quality of life outside the confines of treatment
Ex:
10
Q
Comorbidity
A
- presence of 2+ disorders in one individual at the same time
- not uncommon due to borders between diagnostic categories often being blurred
meant disorders often present concurrently and must be treated as such
Ex:
11
Q
Competency to Stand Trial
A
- Legal decision as to whether a person charged with a crime has the capacity to understand the charges against them and the ability to assist with their own defense
- refers to the client’s state of mind at the time of the trial, not at the time of the crime
- If the client is found incompetent to stand trial, the disorder(s) will be treated until they are deemed competent
Ex:
12
Q
Conduct Disorder
A
- A persistent and repetitive pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms/rules are violated
- Individual must be under the age of 18 and meet at least 3 of the possible 15 criteria in the past year and one must have occurred in the last 6 months
- Some possible criteria include aggression to people/animals, destruction of property, and/or deceitfulness or theft
- often thought to be a predecessor to antisocial personality disorder
Ex:
13
Q
Diagnosis
A
- A determination that a person’s problems are reflective of a particular disorder or syndrome
- diagnostic labels make it possible for clinicians to communicate clearly with one another
- may also carry negative connotations and/or social stigmas
- not always completely accurate or perfectly fit an individual’s symptoms
Ex:
14
Q
DSM-5
A
- Nomothetic categorical system of diagnoses developed by the American Psychiatric Association that provides a prototypical diagnosis approach
- primary manual used for diagnosis by mental health practitioners in the U.S.
- Provides common language for professionals to discuss disorders/symptoms
Ex:
15
Q
Diathesis Stress Model
A
- Theorizes a relationship between one’s biological nature and their environmental conditions
- Hypothesizes that individuals who develop disorders have a genetic predisposition towards a disorder which is then activated by stress in the environment
- this model offers a bio psychosocial explanation of abnormal behavior
Ex:
16
Q
Dissociative Disorders
A
- Group of disorders characterized by sudden or gradual disruption in the normal integrative functions of consciousness, memory or perception of the environment
- disruptions may last for minutes to years depending on the type of disorder
Ex:
