PSYC 528: Evidenced Based Practice Flashcards
1
Q
ADDRESSING Model
A
- An acronym that describes several facets of identity that are often overlooked
- Learning these aspects of a clients identity can help us understand them in a more holistic way
- The acronym stands for:
- A: age
- D: disability at birth
- D: disability acquired
- R: religion
- E: ethnicity
- S: Socioeconomic status
- S: sexual orientation
- I: indigenous heritage
- N: nation of origin
- G: gender identity/pronouns
Ex:
2
Q
Adjunct Treatment
A
- One or more secondary interventions
- Used concurrently with a primary intervention
- To enhance treatment effectiveness
- Some common types of adjunct treatments include medications, group therapy, and couples/family therapy
Ex:
3
Q
Case Conceptualization
A
- A complete case formulation ties all the following parts into a logical coherent whole:
- all of the client’s symptoms
- diagnoses
- problems
- hypotheses about the mechanisms causing and maintaining the diagnoses/problems
- recent precipitants of the current issue
- the origins of the mechanisms
Ex:
4
Q
Client Factors
A
- In evidenced based practice,
- these are factors unique to each individual client.
- Using the ADDRESSING model (age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disabilities),
- may also include previous experiences, expectations of therapy, readiness to change, values, temperament, assets, etc.
- a clinician can gather a unique combination of information about the client and learn about their individual belief systems.
- This is important in tailoring a unique treatment plan for each client so that their individual factors are taken into considerations.
Ex:
5
Q
Common Factors
A
- Common factors or traits that are necessary characteristics to be an effective therapist
- These factors are warmth, empathy, genuineness,
- accurate identification of emotions,
- credibility of therapist
- and the ability to form a strong therapeutic alliance
- Persist regardless of theoretical orientation
Ex: Felicia, Gayle and Abigail are all three therapists in a group practice. They all practice from different theoretical backgrounds, however, they all possess characteristics of warmth, empathy and genuineness. They are able to foster strong therapeutic relationships with their clients. Though they may use different therapeutic interventions with their clients, these necessary common factors are present in all three therapists, which allows them all to be effective clinicians.
6
Q
Efficacy vs Effectiveness Research
A
- Efficacy research is explanatory and determines whether or not an intervention produces the expected change (i.e. does the treatment work)
- Effectiveness research refers to the degree of how beneficial the treatment effect is in “real world” clinical settings (i.e. does the treatment work in practice and not just in controlled research)
Ex:
7
Q
Empirically Supported Treatments
A
- Needs empirical evidence in it’s favor from at least TWO
- well-designed randomized clinical trials
- a series of single-case experimental design studies
- OR a meta-analysis
- Therapists utilize ESTs to practice evidence-based treatment and
- can be independently replicated
- manualized treatments with strict guidelines to follow
- to give the client the best possible care
Ex: A therapist wants to find an empirically supported treatment of anorexia-nervosa. Several peer-reviewed journal articles show statistically significant results in favor of CBT as a treatment for anorexia. By being a competent consumer of research and distinguishing what treatments are empirically supported and what treatments are not, the therapist is able to utilize evidence-based practice and give the client effective treatment.
8
Q
Evidence based practice
A
- Refers to the integration of best available empirical research results with clinical expertise and client preferences and values
- This integration is meant to provide effective psychological services that are responsive to each client’s unique needs
- The definition of evidence-based practice in psychology closely mirrors that of the one used in medical practice
- EBP is important because it allows clients to receive the best possible care
Ex: A client comes in with depression. The clinician used the best available research, their clinical judgment and the clients factors and preferences.
9
Q
Failure to Respond
A
- This occurs when a client does not respond to treatment
- If after repeated efforts to turn the therapy around the client continues not to respond, the therapist has an ethical obligation to refer the client to another therapist
Ex:
10
Q
Informed Consent for Treatment
A
- An essential part of clinical practice
- Refers to the consent by a client to a proposed medical or psychotherapeutic procedure, or for participation in a research project or clinical study
- Concept originated with the recognition that individuals have rights to freedom, autonomy and human dignity
- Inpatient and outpatient clients possess these rights
- Rights cannot be denied due to mental health status or condition
- Therapist is ethically and legally required to obtain informed consent from the client (verbal and written)
- Informed consent includes a clear understanding of:
- (1) the relevant facts
- (2) risks and benefits
- (3) available alternatives involved
- The legal aspects of informed consent are: (1) comprehension, (2) capacity, and (3) voluntary
Ex:
11
Q
Practice Guidelines
A
- Refers to criteria and strategies designed to assist mental health providers in the recognition and treatment of specific disorders, as indicated by the best available research findings
- Practice guidelines assist in clinical decision making by presenting systematically developed treatment strategies in a standardized format
- This term can also refer to the code of ethics, by which all clinicians ought to abide by
Ex:
12
Q
Precipitants of the Problem
A
- Can be internal, external, biological, psychological or all of the above
- Refer to proximal activating events that worsen/intensify or maintain the problem(s)
- Precipitants are not always immediately evident
- Are often explored by asking clients the “why now” question, regarding why they have decided to start treatment at that particular time
- important part of case conceptualization and can help the clinician understand mechanisms of the problems
Ex: Client got a job and it increased his OCD habits
13
Q
Primary vs Secondary Evidence
A
- A term from evidence-based treatment
- Primary evidence is data from a source or the research
- Secondary evidence is someone analyzing and writing about someone else’s research without doing a study themselves
- Both primary and secondary evidence are used in evidence-based practice to support the use of our methods or treatment
Ex:
14
Q
Problem List
A
- A comprehensive, priority-ordered list
- Names client issues that in turn directly link to treatment goals
- Problem lists often only contain 5-8 items so as to keep the list manageable for both client and clinician
- can be behavioral, occupational, interpersonal/social, biological, psychological, legal, financial, housing
- you can look at multiple sources to gain information about client problems
Ex:
15
Q
Mechanisms of Action
A
- Part of case conceptualization and evidence based practice
- describes the reasons that certain interventions work and why
- Mechanisms of action can be cognitive or behavioral
- Mechanisms of action are why a treatment works.
- It works because it targets the maintaining mechanisms.
- For example, behavioral activation works because it targets avoidance which is the maintaining mechanism that is seen in anxiety and depression.
- Therapists should understand the mechanisms of action in order to explain the reasons behind treatment.
