PSYC 110 FINAL EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
- The biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate and direct behavior together constitute: are defined as:
A
motivation
2
Q
- The study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan would MOST likely be conducted by a ______ psychologist.
A
developmental
3
Q
- The three basic characteristics commonly associated with motivation are: activation, ______, and intensity.
A
persistence
4
Q
- Although not yet aware of her pregnancy, Mrs. Upton has conceived a single cell from the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell. This single cell is called a:
A
zygote
5
Q
- Your friend Jen is so motivated to become a nurse that she has decided to attend an accelerated nursing program and work very hard to get through it. You see in her behavior the three basic characteristics commonly associated with motivation, which are:
A
activation, persistence, and intensity
6
Q
- Nine months after conception, a baby girl named Tracy is born. The stages of her prenatal development, from first to last, were:
A
germinal, embryonic, fetal
7
Q
- Your brother enthusiastically tells you, with great enthusiasm, that he is determined and has decided to run enter the marathon. To prepare, he has been running every morning in preparation. This initiation or production of behavior associated with motivation is also known as:
A
activation
8
Q
- The embryonic period is:
A
the second period of prenatal development, extending form the third week through the eight week
9
Q
- During your drive to school one morning, you suddenly remember that your psychology paper is due today, and that it is not finished. You feel your heart start to beat fast as you experience fear and anxiety about what to do. You decide to call your psychology professor in his office and explain things. You have just experienced the psychological components of emotion, which are:
A
subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral or expressive component
10
Q
- Henrietta is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the ______ period of prenatal development.
A
embryonic
11
Q
- According to ______ theories, people are motivated to engage in certain behaviors because of evolutionary programming.
A
instinct
12
Q
- Pregnant Michelle has begun to feel fuller more quickly when she eats, and she is having more trouble physically getting around. Michelle’s unborn baby has likely entered the third and longest period of prenatal development, called the:
A
fetal period
13
Q
- An instinct theorist would argue that the motivation to engage in certain behaviors is the result of:
A
evolutionary programming
14
Q
- Teratogens are:
A
harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in an embryo or fetus
15
Q
- ______ theory involves the view that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
A
Drive
16
Q
- In her research, Dr. Joachim found that a pregnant woman’s use of a certain chemical substance would cause harm to her fetus. That chemical substance would be classified as:
A
a teratogen
17
Q
- It is nearly noon and Jan is very hungry. She takes out her sandwich and eats it until she is no longer hungry. According to ______, Jan’s eating is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
A
drive theory
18
Q
- The final and longest period of prenatal development is called the:
A
Fetal period
19
Q
- You are preparing for midterms when you suddenly realize that you have been in the library for over 6 hours and have not eaten lunch. Psychologists Woodworth and Hull might argue that your sudden motivation to find something to eat is due to ______ theory.
A
drive
20
Q
- Every time Mrs. Thomas touches her baby’s left cheek, the baby turns that cheek toward her mother and opens her mouth. The reflex that is triggered by the mother’s touch is known as the ______ reflex.
A
rooting
21
Q
- In general, the tendency to reach or maintain equilibrium or an optimal internal balance is called:
A
homeostasis
22
Q
- When Mary puts her finger onto her newborn daughter’s mouth, the baby pulls Mary’s finger into her mouth. The baby is demonstrating the ______ reflex.
A
sucking
23
Q
- Carrie, an accountant at a large accounting firm, has been unhappy in her position and has even considered quitting. Then, unexpectedly, she is promoted and given a raise. Carrie now has a renewed interest in her job, which is explained by the ______ theory, which proposes that behavior is motivated by the “pull” of external goals.
A
incentive
24
Q
- Each time Mrs. Fari puts her finger on her baby’s palms, the baby grasps the finger tightly, a response called the:
A
grasping reflex
25
Q
- The basis of arousal theory is that people find very high levels of arousal ______ and very low levels of arousal ______.
A
unpleasant, unpleasant
26
Q
- The inborn predisposition to consistently behave and react in a certain way, even as early as birth, is called:
A
temperament
27
Q
- According to the ______ theory of motivation, psychological and cognitive factors are the essential elements in motivation.
A
humanistic
28
Q
- Regarding infant temperament, a child who readily adapts to new experiences, displays positive moods and emotions, and has regular sleeping and eating patterns can be characterized as a(n) ______ baby.
A
easy
29
Q
- The humanistic theories of motivation, championed by psychologists ______ and ______, viewed motivation as arising from the desire to realize one’s highest personal potential.
A
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
30
Q
- Based on their research on infant temperament, Thomas and Chess would characterize babies who tend to be intensely emotional, are irritable and fussy and cry a lot, and have irregular sleeping and eating patterns as:
A
difficult child
31
Q
- ______ developed a model of human motivation that proposed that people are motivated to satisfy their needs first at the physiological level, and then emerge up into “higher” psychological needs.
A
Abraham Maslow
32
Q
- A baby with a ______ temperament is likely to have a low activity level, withdraw from new situations and people, and adapt to new experiences very gradually.
A
slow-to-warm-up
33
Q
- Which of the following is NOT a criticism of Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
A
It encourages a focus on psychological needs as motivators
34
Q
- It has become apparent to Mr. and Mrs. Tsu that their baby has a low activity level, tends to withdraw from new situations and people, and adapts to new experiences only very gradually. The baby would be classified as a(n) ______ baby.
A
slow-to-warm-up
35
Q
- Eugene believes that, at this point in his life, he is fully using his talents, capacities, and potentialities. According to Abraham Maslow, Eugene has achieved:
A
self-actualization
36
Q
- According to Jerome Kagan’s research on infants, an infant who reacts to new experiences, strangers, or novel objects by being fearful, tense, shy, and inhibited is considered:
A
high-reactive infant
37
Q
- Developed by psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, the theory known as ______ posits that people are actively growth-oriented and move toward a unified sense of self and integration with others.
A
self-determination
38
Q
- Research by Jerome Kagan (2004) suggests that an infant who tends to frighten easily, to be tense, and be inhibited around new experiences is a ______ infant.
A
high-reactive
39
Q
- According to Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, in self-determination theory the three innate and universal psychological needs that must be satisfied are:
A
autonomy, competence, relatedness
40
Q
- A child who tends to be calm, uninhibited, sociable, outgoing, and shows interest rather than fear when exposed to new people, experiences, and objects would be characterized by Jerome Kagan as a(n) ______ infant.
A
Low-reactive
