Pre-Test used for Quizzes

Question 1

We misjudge the causes of another person’s behavior we overestimate internal, personal factors and underestimate external, situational influences. This is called _________

Answer 1

THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR

Question 2

Sandy is a very outgoing person who likes being around other people and socializing with them. According to the Big Five trait theory of personality, Sandy would be considered

Answer 2

high on the stable and enduring personality disposition known as extraversion.

Question 3

A dog has been conditioned to salivate to a bell of a certain tone. A bell with a slightly different tone is sounded and the dog does not salivate. This is an example of:

Answer 3

Stimulus discrimination

Question 4

Monica is really freaked out by germs. She imagines germs on every surface, washes her hands until they crack and bleed and has bottles of hand sanitizer everywhere-at home, in her office, in her car. It is most likely that she meets the criteria for:

Answer 4

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Question 5

John sits in the back of the classroom and propels spitballs at other students. The teacher notices this and harshly reprimands John. John increases his spitball propelling behavior. This is an example of:

Answer 5

Positive reinforcement

Question 6

Many Jungian archetypes are indirectly measured by the _______, a test that is used by many organizations to match job applicants with appropriate kinds of jobs.

Answer 6

Myers-Briggs personality test

Question 7

Which correlation coefficient reflects the strongest relation between to variables?

Answer 7

-.20

Question 8

If the Stanford-Binet was renamed for its French-United States connections, the exam would be renamed:

Answer 8

Binet-Terman IQ Test

Question 9

Psychology is the study of:

Answer 9

behavior and mental processes

Question 10

A major kind of social influence is ________.

Answer 10

all of the above (conformity, obedience, compliance)

Question 11

As Caroline is walking across campus, a car swerves toward her. Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harms way. This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Caroline’s:

Answer 11

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

Tyler has very positive relationships with his peers. He indentifies strongly with them, is well liked, and confides in his best friends. Research shows that adolescents like Tyler tend to have:

Answer 12

close and secure relationships with their parents as well

Question 13

When asked about the input from each cerebral hemisphere, two well-known split brain researchers, Michael Gazzaniga and Roger Sperry, would agree that:

Answer 13

In normal brains, the left and right hemispheres cooperate naturally in everyday activities

Question 14

Grouping or combining information into larger meaningful units as a way of improving the efficiency of one’s short-term memory is called

Answer 14

chucking

Question 15

The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others is called______

Answer 15

social psychology

Question 16

_______ is the initial learning stage in classical conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 16

Acquisition

Question 17

Transforming incoming information into a usable/unerstandable form is called ________

Answer 17

encoding

Question 18

The iceberg analogy is used to represent Freud’s personality structure because

Answer 18

it shows that most important processes occur beneath the level of consciousness.

Question 19

Drew Brees is an excellent NFL quarterback. As such, Drew Brees would be considered:

Answer 19

Prototype

Question 20

Lasting images or virtual snapshots that are frozen in memory at times of personal tragedy, personal happiness, or other significant events are called __________ memories.

Answer 20

flashbulb

Question 21

Labeling a personal as mentally ill:

Answer 21

all of the above (can have serious and long-lasting effects, can turn people into stereotypes, and provoke prejudices and social rejection

Question 22

Which is the best statement of the principle of natural selection?

Answer 22

Over time, genetic variations become more common if they are adaptive in a particular environment

Question 23

According to _________ theory, basic survival and security needs must be satisfied before one can move on to such higher needs as self-actualization.

Answer 23

Maslow’s

Question 24

In the ______ theory of motivation, a lack or a deficiency of something creates a state of tension which motivates us to reduce the deficiency.

Answer 24

Drive-reduction theory

Question 25

Bandura’s social cognitive theory of personality stresses the observation of adult behaviors as well as the concept of _______ in the development of a child’s personality?

Answer 25

modeling

Question 26

Patricia is 63 years old and is beginning to lose some of her memory. She becomes confused and does not speak as well as she once did. These are signs that Patricia may be developing:

Answer 26

Alzheimer disease

Question 27

Emotion is BEST defined as ____________.

Answer 27

feelings that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior

Question 28

This is an active system that receives information, organizes and alters information as it is being stored away and then retrieves the information from storage when needed.

Answer 28

memory

Question 29

Motivation is BEST defined as _________

Answer 29

the set of factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms

Question 30

The term insanity:

Answer 30

is a legal term

Question 31

When treating someone with ADHD:

Answer 31

studies have shown that the most effective treatment is a combination of medication and behavioral therapy.

Question 32

The effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increases is known as _________

Answer 32

bystander effect

Question 33

The term “break from reality” most appropriately refers to individuals with what disorder?

Answer 33

Schizophrenia

Question 34

The United States would be considered a _____ culture?

Answer 34

Individualistic

Question 35

This schedule of reinforcement initially produces modest rates of responding which rapidly increase immediately preceding the delivery of the reinforcer:

Answer 35

Fixed interval

Question 36

According to the serial position effect theory, which part of a list is MOST difficult to remember and thus deserve additional practice?

Answer 36

middle

Question 37

Considering how nature and nurture work together in the development of language,

Answer 37

children are able to use their social skills to acquire language in specific contexts.

Question 38

Egocentrism represents a limitation in the preoperational child’s thinking in that it indicates an inability to:

Answer 38

distinguish among different perspectives.

Question 39

The gas cap on my car is stuck. I need some adhesive to make the gas cap stick. I have gum in my mouth and do not think that gum could be used as an adhesive to temporarily fix my gas cap. This is an example of what construct linked to thinking?

Answer 39

Functional fixedness

Question 40

Individuals with a severe psychological disorder:

Answer 40

All of the above (Either have poor relationships or no relationships with other, Display clear symptoms that dominate their lives, &
Exhibit severe and frequent behavior problems

Question 41

Erik Erikson wrote that:

Answer 41

eight inevitable crises must be resolved as one moves through life.

Question 42

Liking or having the desire for a relationship with another person is called __________.

Answer 42

interpersonal attraction

Question 43

Psychologists as well as other scientists need to confirm their findings by repeating observations, a process known as ________.

Answer 43

replication