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PSY2003 SEMESTER 1 > PSY2003 SEMESTER 1 - WEEK 9 > Flashcards

PSY2003 SEMESTER 1 - WEEK 9 Flashcards

1
Q

define hormone

A

signalling molecule that is transported between organs of body by vascular system

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2
Q

compare NT and hormone on onset speed

A

NT: fast acting
hormone: slow acting

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3
Q

compare NT and hormone on distance

A

NT; short
hormone; long

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4
Q

compare NT and hormone on pathway movements

A

NT: restricted to nerve pathways
hormones: anywhere via circulatory system

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5
Q

compare NT and hormone on duration

A

NT: short action durations
hormones: long duration

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6
Q

compare NT and hormone on if actions are digital/analogue

A

NT: digital action via neuron signalling
hormone: analogue action, continuously variable

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7
Q

compare NT and hormone on target/diffuse actions

A

NT: targeted action
hormones: diffuse action

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8
Q

what does hypothalamus do regarding hormone

A

master controller overviewing our current state and making adjustment to physiology, behaviour via several route (including hormone)

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9
Q

what are sensory inputs into hypothalamus

A

visceral and somatic sensory pathways, chemosensory and humoral signals

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10
Q

what contextual info inputs into hypothalamus, for master controller

A

cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation

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11
Q

what motivational states is physical regulated in accordance to, by hormones

A

arousal, aggression, hunger, fear, fatigue

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12
Q

what bodily processes are regulated via hormones

A

digestion, metabolism, respiration, tissue function, sensory perception, sleep, excretion, lactation, growth and development, movement, reproduction

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13
Q

outline pathway for hormone when released from hypothalamus

A

activate pituitary which release hormone

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14
Q

explain roles of anterior pituitary

A

halfway house cause release of hormones acting on thyroid, adrenal cortex, testes/ovaries, growth hormones, mammary glands, pain receptor

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15
Q

explain roles of posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and ADH

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16
Q

define chromosomal sex - fixed

A

differences in allosome pair associated with biological aspects of phenotypic sex and so 23rd pair is referred to as sex chromosomes

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17
Q

define phenotypic sex (modifiable)

A

external genilatia and secondary sex characteristics, can heavily influence perception of gender

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18
Q

define gender - constructed

A

emerge from self-appraisal in context of social of cultural norms

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19
Q

define sex

A

inflexible biological component of male-female difference (chromosomes, reproductive organ, gonadal hormone titers)

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20
Q

define gender

A

psychosocial manifestations = identity, behaviours, appearance, social role

21
Q

what chromosomal defect does turner syndrome cause

A

XO, missing X chromomsome

22
Q

what is the impact on girls with turner syndrome

A

shorter, impaired ovaries, reduced oestrogen/progesterone causes underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, infertility

23
Q

how is turner syndrome treated

A

oestrogen, progesterone

24
Q

name chromosomal disorder in girls

A

turner syndrome

25
Q

what are 2 chromosomal disorders in males

A

klinefelter
XXY

26
Q

what is chromosomal defect in Klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY in males

27
Q

what is the physical impact of klinefelter syndrome in male

A

taller, impaired testicle, less testosterone, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics
less hair, breasts and feminie fat distribution and osteoporosis
infertility

28
Q

what is the mental impact of klinefelter syndrome in male

A

language problems, reading difficulty, impaired EF, delayed motor development

29
Q

what is treatment for klinefelter syndrome?

A

testosterone

30
Q

how does XXY syndrome impact males

A

taller, learning/speech dev prob but usually mild
overall normal IQ
acne
can never get diagnosis
normal fertility

31
Q

what is treatment for XXY syndrome

A

supported learning

32
Q

what is Y chromosomes often called, why

A

functional wasteland
most of DNA junk and not code for any specific gene

33
Q

what is SRY gene important for

A

diversion toward male biological development in utero ( weeks 6 to 8)

34
Q

if initially a XY zygote, what does chemically blocking SRY gene do

A

cause genetically male with ovaries

35
Q

if initially a XX zygote, what does injecting SRY protein do

A

cause genetically female with testes

36
Q

what led to chromosomal screening being eliminated by IOC

A

some female athelte with SRY gene have insensitivity to androgen, so phenotypically female and no advantages

37
Q

when hypothalamus releases GRH (gonadotropic releasing hormone), what does this cause

A

anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH, causing either testosterone, oestrogen/progesterone release

38
Q

explain how hormone release can be pulsatile

A

release very slow, but when needs change ie in puberty, can be change in release rate
increased rate toward puberty, causing increased LH/FSH signalling and sex hormones release

39
Q

in females post-puberty, outline role of change in pulsatility in GnRH released

A

regulate menstrual cycle
slow in luteal, increase in follicular and pre ovulatory

40
Q

can neuroscience explain sex and gender?

A

can explore sex-related difference in brain structure/function and can inform understanding of gender, gender identity but cannot provide answesr

41
Q

how much heavier is the male brain

A

10%

42
Q

outline who reaches max brain volumes first

A

female, similar to puberty/adult height onsets

43
Q

outline gender differences in amygdala

A

small diff in volume, but only 1% cortical volume
slightly thicker in females but sensitive to research methods

44
Q

what skills do men outperform women

A

physical, spatial but area tends to be alrger in women

45
Q

outline gender differences about brain connections

A

male brain less efficient connection, more lateralised (larger corpus callosum)
but this difference often disappears

46
Q

what are gender differences in personality

A

interests and cognitive/emot abilities but no neural differences

47
Q

what is human brain mosaic

A

shows variation across individuals within gender category is greater than between categories
no male-female continuums
some feature tend to be more men/women, but can have combination

48
Q
A

PSY2003 SEMESTER 1 (8 decks)

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