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PSY1004 SEMESTER 2 > PSY1004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 8 > Flashcards

PSY1004 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 8 Flashcards

1
Q

outline 8 stage theory of psychosocial development

A

during each stage face developmental conflict, resolve to develop primary virtue of stage
each stage characterised by 2 contradictory emotional forces “contrary dispositions”

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2
Q

explain the 2 “contrary dispositions” of each developmental stage which are two contradictory emotional forces

A

dystonic- behaviour in conflict with beliefs, will
syntonic- behaviour is adaptive and appropriate in given situation

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3
Q

psychosocial developmental stage theory - what can virtues include

A

hope, will, purpose, care, love, wisdom

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4
Q

psychosocial developmental stage theory - stage 5 (adolescence - identity vs confusion) if conflict is resolved, what is developed

A

virtue of fidelity - developed personality, productive, content, values, drives vocational choice, interpersonal relationships, ethnic group membership, expression of sexual orientation and ideals

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5
Q

psychosocial developmental stage theory - stage 5 (adolescence - identity vs confusion) if conflict is not resolved, what is developed

A

weak sense of trust, lacking faith in ideals, little autonomy or initiative, lack actively exploring, don’t choose vocation aligning with interest or skill, shallow, directionless

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6
Q

name 3 key aspects of psychosocial development during adolescence

A
  1. identity formation
  2. development of autonomy
  3. future orientation (ability to set future goal, plan)
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7
Q

outline the 4 identity statuses (Marcia, 1980)

A

identity moratorium, identity achievement, identity diffusion, identity foreclosure

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8
Q

what are the 2 continuums for identity status

A

high/low exploration of interests, talents, abilities, belief, value
high/low commitment to one’s identity

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9
Q

what are adolescents like who have identity achievement?

A

high self esteem, open to alternative ideas/values, feel in control, view school as avenue for realising aspiration, good moral reasoning, social justice

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10
Q

what are adolescents like who have entered identity moratorium?

A

actively exploring options including different values, beliefs, ideology but no committment

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11
Q

what are adolescents like who is stuck in identity foreclosure

A

passive in face of identity concerns, difficulty adjusting, dogmatic, inflexible, resisting info that threatens their position

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12
Q

what are adolescents like in long-term identity diffusion

A

diffuse-avoidant cognitive style, entrusts self to luck/fate, at risk of depression and suicide

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13
Q

outline trajectory for age in identity status

A

early-mid = identity diffusion
mid-late = more likely identity achieved than early-mid

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14
Q

outline trajectory for gender in identity status

A

girls more likely to be identity achieved than boys (identity diffusion) due to abilities to explore identity

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15
Q

explain trajectory for those with depressive symptoms and delinquency in identity status

A

greater depression and delinquent behaviour for adolescent in identity moratorium/diffusion

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16
Q

name factors affecting identity achievement

A

parents, culture expectations
educational opportunities
socio-economic environment
social peer group
puberty

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17
Q

define epigenetic principle

A

notion that parts of organism develop in sequential order, each part having its own specific time of ascendancy, until functioning whole is complete

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18
Q

define self concept

A

who we are, our identity and determined by congruency vs inconsistency between self-image, self-esteem, ideal self

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19
Q

define self esteem

A

how one evaluates self/self-worth

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20
Q

outline trajectory of self-esteem

A

rise mid-late adolescence as individual difference becomes increasingly stable
new components- close friendship, romantic appeal, job competence

21
Q

give 3 factors affecting self esteem

A

child-rearing style
pubertal timing
social environment

22
Q

outline impact of social media on self-esteem

A

measured age 10,12,14
liking and commenting on others post predicts decreased self-esteem (only girls)
posting update on own SM not impacting self-esteem

23
Q

define self-concept

A

adolescents perception of their own self, own’s talents, goals, life experiences also relating to identity as part of ethnic, religious and sexual orientation groups

24
Q

explain trajectory of self-concept during adolescence

A

separate traits unified to larger and abstract ones
contradictory traits expressed in different social situations, more emphasis on social virtues and on being viewed positively by others

25
Q

explain neural correlates for adolescent self-concept

A

increased activity in medial prefrontal during self-task vs social tasks, increase during thinking about own intentions and actions vs thinking about physical events

26
Q

define ethnic identity

A

sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes, beliefs and feelings associated with that membership

27
Q

define acculturative stress

A

psychological distress resulting from conflict between minority and host culture

28
Q

define bicultural identity

A

formed by exploring and adopting values from both one’s subculture and dominant cultures

29
Q

explain impact of bicultural identity on behaviours

A

stable over time, high cultural identity is associated w. higher personal and familial wellbeing

30
Q

what are parenting practices

A

specific behaviours that parents use to socialise their children

31
Q

what are parenting styles

A

emotional climates in which parents raise their children

32
Q

name 4 differing parenting styles

A

permissive, authoritative, authoritarian, uninvolved

33
Q

what is permissive parenting styles

A

not enforcing rules, high responsiveness, low demand
avoid using power for discipline, accepting, affirmative, high degree of autonomy

34
Q

what is authoritative parenting style

A

“lets discuss this”
create pos rel
enforce rules, set clear standards
highly responsive, demand
value expressive instrumental attribute, take ultimate responsibility

35
Q

what is authoritarian parenting style (overview)

A

obedience, punishment over discipline

36
Q

what is uninvolved parenting styles

A

gives little guidance, nurturing, attention
low responsiveness, demandingness
minimise time and energy on child
know little about child, low interaction
parent-centered need

37
Q

name 3 main elements of authoritative parenting

A

warmth (open, responsive to emotion needs),
autonomy support (encourages individuality, independence),
structure (clear rules, expectation of behaviours)

38
Q

what is balance between for authoritative parenting styles

A

responsiveness and demandingness
autonomy and control

39
Q

what is higher warmth on authoritative parenting style associated with

A

higher protective, less risky beh, better psychosocial adjustments
high maternal warmth - low neural activation during criticism, in amygdala ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, subgenual anterior cingulate

40
Q

what is subgenual anterior cingulate involved in

A

emotional processing, high activation heavily implicates mood disorder

41
Q

what can maternal warmth predict

A

development of left and right OFC, amygdala

42
Q

outline relationship of parenting over time

A

increase autonomy, decrease time spent with parent
reorganise parent-child rel
varies across culture
mid conflict appear for facilitating adolescent identity and autonomy

43
Q

outline relationship between female pubertal maturation and parental relationship

A

increased conflicts, increaed behaiour autnoomy

44
Q

explain impact from peer in development

A

increasing age = decrease numbers of close friends
similar - educational aspiration, political belief, willigness to drugs, engage in crime

45
Q

name 3 main important characteristic of friendship

A

intimacy - psychological closeness
mutual understanding
loyalty

46
Q

what can close friendships provide adolescents

A

opportunity in exploring self, forming deep understandings of another
foundation of future intimate rels
help deal w/ stress
improve attitude in schools

47
Q

explain friendship as protective factor

A

increase adjustment, self-esteem, protect against risk-taking behaviours
mitigate neg impact of non optiaml fam environ

48
Q

how can authoritative parenting be protective factors

A

counteracts peer pressure
brain change contribute for increase reward seeking, receptiveness to peer influence, reduce with age

PSY1004 SEMESTER 2 (9 decks)

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