PSY1003 WEEK 4 Flashcards
explain trepanning (when, why, what
6500 BC, demonic possession, release spirits and also exorcisms
give a modern day example of a community which still believe in demonic possession for mental illness
(Uganda) Cen - ghost of dead visits individual and replaces identity
however, more common in ex-child soldiers (related to trauma response)
what was Hippocrates approach to mental disorder
460-377 BC = black, yellow bile, phlegm and blood
what was Burton’s 1621 approach to mental illness book detailing
“Anatomy Of Melancholy” describing poverty, fear and solitude as causes of melancholy
explain Kraeplin’s approach with mental illness (1883)
classification system of mental disorders and exogenous and endogenous
define psychopathology
the in-depth study of mental health problems
define clinical psychology
the branch of psychology which is responsible for understanding and treating psychopathology
what is the primary approach for the biological/medical model
identification of psychopathological causes to treat them with medication or surgery
give some examples of the biological approach (factors)
genetic vulnerability
neurochemical dsyfunction (serotonin + dopamine)
congenital risk factors (pregnancy infection)
environmental stress: HPA (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal) axis stress response
acquired lesions to brain structures
what are the 4 models in the psychological approach to explain psychopathology
psychoanalytic model (Freud)
behavioural theory (Skinner)
humanistic-existential approach (Rogers)
cognitive model (Ellis)
what does the psychoanalytic model believe psychopathology is caused by
unconscious processes - not progressing through developmental stages, denial, repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalisation, displacement, sublimation
define reaction formation (psychoanalytic model)
doing or thinking opposite of how you feel (eg: when angry at boss, may go out of way to be kind)
define projection (psychoanalytic model)
assigning unwanted impulse to someone (eg: unfaithful husband jealous of wife may think she is always cheating)
define displacement (psychoanalytic model)
moving impulse from target object to other
define rationalisation (psychoanalytic model)
finding rational explanation for something you did wrong
define sublimation (psychoanalytic model)
transforming impulses into something constructive
what were the initial goals of the psychoanalytic model
find causes of hysteria and spontaneous paralysis, use of hypnosis to help client discuss trauma and later psychoanalysis
what influence has psychoanalytic model had
talking therapies
2010 = 18% modern practicing clinical psychologists are psychodynamic
brought notion of origin in early experiences, not always a biological cause
suggestions of defence mechanisms
what are issues with psychoanalytic model
cannot observe or measure, no objective research, lacking evidence
outline behavioural theory for psychopathology
learnt via classical and operant conditioning
a learning theory meaning dysfunctional behaviours (just like adaptive behaviours) can be acquried via learning
classical = emotional disorders (anxiety, phobia) associate phobic stimuli with trauma
operant = acquisit and maintain substance depenency, self-harming, disruptive and challenging behaviours