Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY1003 SEMESTER 1 > PSY1003 WEEK 4 > Flashcards

PSY1003 WEEK 4 Flashcards

1
Q

explain trepanning (when, why, what

A

6500 BC, demonic possession, release spirits and also exorcisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

give a modern day example of a community which still believe in demonic possession for mental illness

A

(Uganda) Cen - ghost of dead visits individual and replaces identity
however, more common in ex-child soldiers (related to trauma response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what was Hippocrates approach to mental disorder

A

460-377 BC = black, yellow bile, phlegm and blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what was Burton’s 1621 approach to mental illness book detailing

A

“Anatomy Of Melancholy” describing poverty, fear and solitude as causes of melancholy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain Kraeplin’s approach with mental illness (1883)

A

classification system of mental disorders and exogenous and endogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define psychopathology

A

the in-depth study of mental health problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define clinical psychology

A

the branch of psychology which is responsible for understanding and treating psychopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the primary approach for the biological/medical model

A

identification of psychopathological causes to treat them with medication or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give some examples of the biological approach (factors)

A

genetic vulnerability
neurochemical dsyfunction (serotonin + dopamine)
congenital risk factors (pregnancy infection)
environmental stress: HPA (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal) axis stress response
acquired lesions to brain structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 4 models in the psychological approach to explain psychopathology

A

psychoanalytic model (Freud)
behavioural theory (Skinner)
humanistic-existential approach (Rogers)
cognitive model (Ellis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the psychoanalytic model believe psychopathology is caused by

A

unconscious processes - not progressing through developmental stages, denial, repression, regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalisation, displacement, sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define reaction formation (psychoanalytic model)

A

doing or thinking opposite of how you feel (eg: when angry at boss, may go out of way to be kind)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define projection (psychoanalytic model)

A

assigning unwanted impulse to someone (eg: unfaithful husband jealous of wife may think she is always cheating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

define displacement (psychoanalytic model)

A

moving impulse from target object to other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define rationalisation (psychoanalytic model)

A

finding rational explanation for something you did wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

define sublimation (psychoanalytic model)

A

transforming impulses into something constructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what were the initial goals of the psychoanalytic model

A

find causes of hysteria and spontaneous paralysis, use of hypnosis to help client discuss trauma and later psychoanalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what influence has psychoanalytic model had

A

talking therapies
2010 = 18% modern practicing clinical psychologists are psychodynamic
brought notion of origin in early experiences, not always a biological cause
suggestions of defence mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are issues with psychoanalytic model

A

cannot observe or measure, no objective research, lacking evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

outline behavioural theory for psychopathology

A

learnt via classical and operant conditioning
a learning theory meaning dysfunctional behaviours (just like adaptive behaviours) can be acquried via learning
classical = emotional disorders (anxiety, phobia) associate phobic stimuli with trauma
operant = acquisit and maintain substance depenency, self-harming, disruptive and challenging behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in humanistic-existential approach, what is positively developed and encouraged when treating psychopatholog

A

acquire self-awareness, develop value and sense of meaning for life, search for freedom of choice

22
Q

outline client-centred therapy (humanistic-existential approach)

A

humans inherintly good, if unrestricted by fear and conflict then will develop as happy and well-adjusted, create supportive atmosphere in therapy to allow positive self-worth, empathy, unconditional positive regard

23
Q

give positives of humanistic-existential approach

A

doesn’t place emphasis on how acquire disorder, but how to treat + move on

24
Q

what are the research findings for humanistic-existential effectiveness

A

some controlled studies indicate client fair no better than in non-therapeutic treatment however others find significant effectiveness over 5-years compared to a wait list control condition

25
Q

explain the cognitive model for psychopatholoy explainations (Ellis and Beck)

A

emotional distress is caused primarily by development of irrational and dysfunctional beliefs used to judge self-behaviour resulting in distress

26
Q

what treatment comes from cognitive model, and give some applications to disorders

A

CBT - highly successful, based on idea that depression is result of negative beliefs on self, world and future
applied to Sz paranoid thinking, antisocial and impulsive behaviour in personality disorders

27
Q

give a limitation of cognitive model

A

are dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs a symptom of psychopathology, not a cause

28
Q

what the 3 aspects of biopsychosocial model?

A

biological: genetic, gender, NT, brain lesions, physical illness
social: social network, interpersonal events, social opportunities, norms, ethnicity, culture
psycho: goals, coping skills, cognitive processes, learned behaviours, beliefs and attitudes

29
Q

what is a token economy (+ evaluation)

A

using operant conditioning to learn desired self-helping social behaviours
declined in modern day due to legal/ethical issues of withholding desired materials and events
lacks of consensus on effectiveness

30
Q

what was the treatment approach pre 19th century

A

no government response meaning privately funded asylum, combat moral degeneration, social weakness and treating individuals like animals

31
Q

what are milieu therapies

A

therapeutic community on ward to develop productivity, responsibility and self-respect
led to sooner discharge and less chance of relapses

32
Q

what was the quaker movement of ‘moral treatment’

A

removed shackles, mentally ill patients treated as sick, favouring hope and understanding, moral responsibility, occupational therapy

33
Q

why is life-long hospitalisation not viable

A

economic issues, not an environment for patients improvement, social breakdown syndrome

34
Q

evaluate defining an individuals psychopathology

A

context is important as this can impact whether normal or abnormal
disposition (personality, style choice)
where do we draw the line
what is normal? how can we define

35
Q

what are the 4 approaches of psychopathology defining

A

statistical, normative, functional, distress-based

36
Q

outline deviation from statistical norms as method for defining psychopathology

A

having an attribute or displaying behaviour deviating substantially from statistical norm (uses graph)

37
Q

give one strength of deviation from statistical norm

A

can be applied to low IQ>70, offers objectivity and measurability

38
Q

what are issues with deviation from statistical norms

A

measurement error- variation in questionnaire results
regression to mean- seeks treatment at breaking point, then after treatment regresses to mean
extreme values do not always imply extreme problems
where is the cut off
diagnostic categorisation not always helpful
high IQ is abnormal but okay

39
Q

outline deviation from social and political norms as method for defining psychopathology

A

based on assumption that socially acceptable behaviour represents adaptive ways of being, deviating from social norm is viewed as an abnormality

40
Q

give weaknesses of deviation from social norm

A

intolerance of individual differences
norms are socially constructed and arbitrary
can lead to power abusing

41
Q

outline a functional approach (maladaptive behaviour and harmful dysfunction) as a method for defining psychopathology

A

based on notion that someone unable to function may be maladapted/impaired
DSM-5 include social, occupational and educational functioning in diagnostic
behaviour can threat self or others healthi

42
Q

give some issues of maladaptive behaviour (functional approach to definition)

A

assumes universal need
based on individualistic world view
tends to expect conformity with societal expectations
some behaviours are maladaptive but are not illness (terrorism - harmful however not MHI)
some forms of psychopathology not representative for maladaptive behaviour as serve protective or adaptive functions (water phobias)

43
Q

outline distress-based approach as method for defining psychopathology

A

based on individuals distress or inability to cope with experience/problem. not based on conformity to societal norm, but own perspective on what is normal or not
common diagnostic criteria is ‘clinical significant distress and impairement in social, academic, ocupation function’

44
Q

give strengths of a distress-based approach to defining

A

gathered from interview and ask individual how they feel about their own mental health not in comparison to others, allows individual judgement of normality
judge mental health on their coping skills, not on contribution to society, violation of social norm, dispositional choice

45
Q

give weaknesses of distress-based approach of defining

A

lack of insight into nature of problems - severe mental health difficulty, child
highly subjective
risk of ‘medicalising’ normal reactions to adverse circumstances

46
Q

what did deinstitutionalisation cause

A

in 1990 progressive recovery approach
emphasis on restoring dignity, autonomy, opportunity, social inclusion in recovery

47
Q

define stigma

A

negative or unfair attitudes or beliefs about mental health problems

48
Q

define social stigma

A

prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of psychiatric labels they have been given

49
Q

define internalised stigma

A

self stigma by mental health sufferer, affecting feelings of shame, lead to poorer treatment outcome

50
Q

define associative stigma

A

prejudice and discrimination experienced by families because of their relationship with the person with mental health problems

51
Q

who can hold stigmatising belief

A

1,700 adults in UK believe mentally ill dangerous, regardless of knowing someone with a MHI, and stigma directed at young person can be from teacher, family, peers

52
Q
A

PSY1003 SEMESTER 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions