PSY1003 WEEK 1 LO: understand properties of glial cells

Question 1

what 2 words can briefly describe neuroglia

Answer 1

nerve glue

Question 2

what did Virchow (1859) originally think neuroglia did

Answer 2

inactive connective tissue holding CNS neurons together

Question 3

what are the types of glia in PNS

Answer 3

schwann cells

Question 4

what are the types of glia in CNS

Answer 4

microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes

Question 5

describe schwann cells

Answer 5

has one myelin segment, guide axonal regeneration post damage, which is why effective axonal regeneration is only present in PNS

Question 6

describe structure of microglia

Answer 6

small rod shaped soma, many extending symmetrical processes

Question 7

describe function of microglia

Answer 7

search for infection, phagocytosis, BBB

Question 8

what are new findings in research for microglia

Answer 8

(Wake et al, 2012) playing role in regulation of cell death

Question 9

what is function and structure of oligodendrocyte

Answer 9

form myelin with breaks (NoR), insulating, speeding up AP, single ODC plasma sheet membrane can wrap around 40-50 axons

Question 10

describe structure of astrocytes

Answer 10

large, star shape, take up 20-50% of brain area volume, connect via gap junctions. communicate electrically, fence in neurons, cuffing around NoR, ensheathe synapse and dendrite, project processes to cell soma

Question 11

describe function of astrocytes

Answer 11

form BBB, neurotransmitter uptake, neurovascular coupling to change supplying flood to accomodate active neuron (moving nutrients)

Question 12

what are new research into astroglia

Answer 12

control establishment and maintenance of neuron synapses (Jourdain, 2007)
controlling BBB (Alvarez, Katayama & Prat, 2013)
respond to brain injuries (Khakh & Sofroniew, 2015)