PSY1003 WEEK 1 LO: understand properties of glial cells Flashcards
what 2 words can briefly describe neuroglia
nerve glue
what did Virchow (1859) originally think neuroglia did
inactive connective tissue holding CNS neurons together
what are the types of glia in PNS
schwann cells
what are the types of glia in CNS
microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes
describe schwann cells
has one myelin segment, guide axonal regeneration post damage, which is why effective axonal regeneration is only present in PNS
describe structure of microglia
small rod shaped soma, many extending symmetrical processes
describe function of microglia
search for infection, phagocytosis, BBB
what are new findings in research for microglia
(Wake et al, 2012) playing role in regulation of cell death
what is function and structure of oligodendrocyte
form myelin with breaks (NoR), insulating, speeding up AP, single ODC plasma sheet membrane can wrap around 40-50 axons
describe structure of astrocytes
large, star shape, take up 20-50% of brain area volume, connect via gap junctions. communicate electrically, fence in neurons, cuffing around NoR, ensheathe synapse and dendrite, project processes to cell soma
describe function of astrocytes
form BBB, neurotransmitter uptake, neurovascular coupling to change supplying flood to accomodate active neuron (moving nutrients)
what are new research into astroglia
control establishment and maintenance of neuron synapses (Jourdain, 2007)
controlling BBB (Alvarez, Katayama & Prat, 2013)
respond to brain injuries (Khakh & Sofroniew, 2015)