PSY1003 WEEK 1 LO: understand properties of neurons Flashcards
what does somatic nervous system do including roles of afferent and efferent nerves
interact with external environment, composed of afferent nerves to carry sensory signals to CNS and efferent nerves to carry motor signals from CNS to skeletal muscles
what is role of autonomic nervous system including role of afferent and efferent nerves
regulate internal environment, composed of afferent nerves to carry sensory signals from internal organs to CNS and efferent nerves to carry motor signals from CNS to internal organs
what do afferent and efferent nerves do in brain in general
afferent = towards CNS
efferent = away from CNS
what is function of cranial nerve
basis of diagnosis, as function is specific to location so disruption shows location of issue
where is cerebrospinal fluid
produced in choroid plexus, fills subarachnoid space (central canal of spinal cord and cerebral brain ventricle)
role of cerebrospinal fluid
support and cushion brain
what is hydrocephalus
caused by blockage of narrow channels linking ventricles of cerebrospinal fluid, cause brain expansion by water intake
what is grey matter of the spinal cord
cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons
what is white matter of the spinal cord
myelinated axons
what are dorsal/ventral horns
2 dorsal/ventral arms of spinal grey matter
what are dorsal root axons
sensory unipolar neurons with cell bodies grouped together outside cord to form dorsal root ganglia. many of their synaptic terminals located in dorsal horns
what are ventral root horns
motor multipolar neurons with cell bodies in ventral horns
state 3 meninges
protective membrane
outer meninx, arachnoid membrane, innermost meninx
what is outer meninx
tough membrane, dura mater
where is arachnoid membrane located
immediately inside dura mater
where is subarachnoid space
beneath arachnoid membrane, contains large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid
where is innermost meninx located
pia mater, adheres to surface of CNS
what are 3 types of cell body shape neuron classifications
ovoid, fusiform, triangular
what are 3 types of neuron classification according to process number
unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
what are 2 types of neuron classification according to axon length
golgi type 1 neuron (long axon, large), golgi type 2 neuron (short axon)
what are interneurons
integrate neural activity in brain structure, not conducting signals between 2 neurons, stay within structure in which cell body is located
what are projection neurons
axons leave structure where cell body is located, go elsewhere in nervous sytemq
describe axons
arise from conical shaped axon hillock, role of output, excitable membrane for generating and receiving AP
describe dendrites
thick and short, highly branched, give rise to dendritic arbour (spines) projecting outwards, receive most of excitatory input, contain filaments actin and a/b tubulin to allow spine to move
what are clusters of cell bodies known as in CNS
nuclei
what are clusters of cell bodies known as in PNS
ganglia
