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psy study Flashcards

1
Q

What can Maguire et al (2000) be used for?

A

neuroplasticity, localisation, ‘brain technique’, experiment methods

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2
Q

Maguire et al. (2000) - Aim

A

investigate structual diffrences in brains of people with extensive spaitial navigation experience

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3
Q

Maguire et al. (2000) - Procedure

A

N= right handed taxi drivers. years of experince + age was noted. then MRI taken + compared to non-taxi drivers

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4
Q

Maguire et al. (2000) - Results

A

posterior hippocampi (increase) than control group , while anterior hippocampid (decrease) tham control volume of grey matter in posterior hippocampi correlated with time working in taxi

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5
Q

Maguire et al. (2000) - Finidngs

A

appears that hippocampi is involved in spatial information, and anterior may be involved in encoding. Additionally this may further change depending on time/frequency .

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6
Q

What can Draganski et al (2004) be used for

A

neural networks, neural pruning + ethics

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7
Q

Draganski et al (2004) - Aim

A

investigate if acquiring juggeling skill would impact the brain

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8
Q

Draganski et al (2004) - Procedure

A
  1. particpants had MRI taken. 2. told to learn juggeling sequence. 3. when mastered 2nd MR. 4. were told they were not allowed to juggle. 5. 3rd MRI (no control)
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9
Q

Draganski et al (2004) - Results

A

Juggeling increased grey matter (in mid-temproral area. Stopping decreased grey matter

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10
Q

Draganski et al (2004) - Finidngs

A

learning new skill increased grey matter and stopping juggeling decresed grey matter

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11
Q

What is Antanova (2011) used for

A

neurotransmitter, antagonist, inhibitor (synapse + neurons)

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12
Q

Aontanova (2011) - Aim

A

investigate the effect of blocking ACh (acetylcholine) receeptors with scopolamine on spatial memory

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13
Q

Antanova (2011) - Procedure

A
  1. Participants were injected with scopolamine (E) or placebo (control). 2. fMRI while playing spatial memory based game 3. later came back for other condition
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14
Q

Aontanova (2011) - Results

A

with scopolamine decreased hippocampus activity

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15
Q

Aontanova (2011) - Findings

A

ACh play a key role in endoding spatial memory

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16
Q

What is Ronay and Von Hippel (2010) for

A

hormones, evolution, ethics + experimental method

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17
Q

Ronay and Von Hippel (2010) - Aim

A

investigate the impact of an attractive womans presence on risks take by men, along with determining the role of testosterone in this

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18
Q

Ronay and Von Hippel (2010) - Procedure

A

Participants were asked to do an easy skateboadr trick + difficult trick, where salvia sample was taken after + heartrate. This was done 2. once with attricive female researcher, second with male reserahcer

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19
Q

Ronay and Von Hippel (2010) - Results

A

female: increased risk + increased Testostrone no significant heartbeat change

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20
Q

Ronay and Von Hippel (2010) - Findings

A

men take more physical risks in attractive womans presence , which may be accounted for by testosterone

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21
Q

What can Zhou et al (2014) be used for

A

pheormones

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22
Q

Zhou et al (2014) - Aim

A

investiage the effect of androstadienone (AND) and Estrogen (est) on hetro+homo men and women

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23
Q

Zhou et al (2014) - Proceudre

A

particpants were asked to observe a moving stick figure, then figure out its sex (multiple times) (Each time, participants got exposed to either steroid or a placebo.)

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24
Q

Zhou et al (2014) - Results

A

AND increase “maculine” guesses by het-women & homomen. and EST increase “feminine” guesses by het-men (women insignificant)

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25
Q

Zhou et al (2014) - Findings

A

AND and EST may play a role in human sexual behaviour

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26
Q

What is Weisman et al (2005) used for

A

Kinship studies

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27
Q

Weisman et al (2005) - Aim

A

investigate MDD’s (Major Depressive Disorder) genetic behaviour over multiple generations

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28
Q

Weisman et al (2005) - Procedure

A

original participants consisted of both depressed and non-depressed, the parents and children were interviewed through a time. Once the children become adults with kids, the kids were professionally assesed.

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29
Q

Weisman et al (2005) - Results

A

2x generations with MDD increases chance of 3rd gen. and if Grandparent MDD increased chances for grandchild

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30
Q

Weisman et al (2005) - Finidngs

A

Suggests Link between genetics and MDR

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31
Q

What is Kendler et al (2006) used for

A

twin studies

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32
Q

Kendler et al (2006) - Aim

A

investigate the role of MDD in genetics

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33
Q

Kendler et al (2006) - Procedure

A

particpants were interviewed + medically assesed (over phone) - in regards to MZ and DZ and symptoms of MDD)

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34
Q

Kendler et al (2006) - Results

A

increased concordance rate rate in mz + higher concordance rate in female twins

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35
Q

Kendler et al (2006) - Finidngs

A

suggests a link between MDD and genetics in twins (especially women)

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36
Q

What is Caspi et al (2003) used for

A

gene on behaviour

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37
Q

Caspi et al (2003) - Aim

A

investiageeffect of 5HTT allele on MDD symptoms?????

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38
Q

Caspi et al (2003) - Procedure

A

.

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39
Q

Caspi et al (2003) - Reuslts

A

.

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40
Q

Caspi et al (2003) - Findings

A

inherited genes does not equal MDD. Gene environment interaction ‘does’

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41
Q

What is Peterson and Peterson (1959) used for

A

MSMM (multistore memory model)

42
Q

Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Aim

A

investigate duration of items stored in STM without rehersal

43
Q

Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Procedure

A

Participants had to memorize three consonant syllabels , and then count backwards from a specified number until a light appeared. The participants then had to recall the syllabels. This was repeated for different durations

44
Q

Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Results

A

increase duration decrease recall and decrease duration increase recall

45
Q

Peterson and Peterson (1959) - Findings

A

Supports MSMM as it implies STM duration differ from LTM

46
Q

What is Warrington and Shallice (1970) used for

A

Working memory model (WMM), ethics, method

47
Q

Warrington and Shallice (1970) - Aim

A

investigate the effect of patient KF’s brain damage on STM

48
Q

Warrington and Shallice (1970) - Procedure

A

interviews over time + time-based memory tasks presented either Visually or verbally

49
Q

Warrington and Shallice (1970) - Results

A

audiotory recall decreased and visual recall increased

50
Q

Warrington and Shallice (1970) - Findings

A

Supports wild as it indicate STM complexity

51
Q

What is Bartlet (1932) used for

A

schema theory

52
Q

Bartlet (1932) - Aim

A

Investigate the impact of pre-existing schemes on recall of a story

53
Q

Bartlet (1932)- Procedure

A

Participants were tasked to read a story from a culture different to their own. They were allocated to either a condition were they had to re-tell the story, or where they had to reproduce it.

54
Q

Bartlet (1932) - Results

A

???

55
Q

Bartlet (1932) - Findings

A

unfamiliar elements were changed to match own (culture) - assimilation

56
Q

What is Tversky and Kahnman (1974) used for

A

Dual Procedual model (DPM) (system 1 & 2), bias in thinking

57
Q

Tversky and Kahnman (1974) - Aim

A

investigate the impact of anchoring bias on mathematical problem solving

58
Q

Tversky and Kahnman (1974) - Procedure

A

Participants were allocated to either a “descending” or “ascending order . The participants were respectively tasked to estimate the value of 8! or reversed ascending) .

59
Q

Tversky and Kahnman (1974) - Results

A

both groups were far off, where ascending way to low and descending was way to high

60
Q

Tversky and Kahnman (1974) - Findings

A

The initial number appears to have biased final estimate. Limited time meant estimation was off first values , so high start number = high estimate (and viceverse)

61
Q

What is Loftus and Palmer (1974) used for

A

reconstructive memory, ethics, method

62
Q

Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Aim

A

investigate the impact of leading questions on recall estimations

63
Q

Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Procedure

A

Participants were tasked to watch clips of can accidents , and after each clip, fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire asked for a speed estimation, but each critical question used different words (smash/contact)

64
Q

Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Results

A

Smashed- higher estimate of speed and Contact - lower estimate of speed

65
Q

Loftus and Palmer (1974) - Findings

A

memory of accident could be altered by using suggestive questions

66
Q

What is Sharot et al (2007) used for

A

emotion + cognition, ethics, method

67
Q

Sharot et al (2007) - Aim

A

determine the role of biological factors on flashbulb memory

68
Q

Sharot et al (2007) - Procedure

A

.

69
Q

Sharot et al (2007) - Results

A

.

70
Q

Sharot et al (2007) - Finidings

A

Amygdala activation correlate with Flashbulb - > FB formation fear . increased by proximity

71
Q

What is Tajfel et al (1971) used for

A

Social identity theory/group and individual

72
Q

Tajfel et al (1971) - Aim

A

investigate if in-group favouritism would occur solely by grouping

73
Q

Tajfel et al (1971) - Procedure

A

participants were tasked allocate points to paintings by two different artists. Where each artist was the condition/group. There were two point allocation systems , one where points were linked , so the sun remained equal - if one gets higher, the other gets lower. The other was manipulated such that high points to own group, further increased the other group , while less would also give less

74
Q

Tajfel et al (1971) - Results

A

system 1 , increase own group, where, system 2, decrease own group because it would increase gap between other group

75
Q

Tajfel et al (1971) - Findings

A

supports social identity theory (SIT) as it indicates group distinction + favouritism

76
Q

What is Bandure (1961) used for

A

Social cognitive theory, ethics , experimental method

77
Q

Bandure (1961) - Aim

A

Investigate the effect of aggresive models on children

78
Q

Bandure (1961) - Procedure

A

.

79
Q

Bandure (1961) - Results

A

Boys were overall most aggresive and Girls higher verbal aggression with a female model , but higher Violent (physical) agression with male model

80
Q

Bandure (1961) - Findings

A

.

81
Q

What is Hamilton and Gifford (1976) used for

A

Stereotypes

82
Q

Hamilton and Gifford (1976) - Aim

A

determine impact of illusory correlation on stereotyping information

83
Q

Hamilton and Gifford (1976) - Procedure

A

.

84
Q

Hamilton and Gifford (1976) - Results

A

.

85
Q

Hamilton and Gifford (1976) - Findings

A

.

86
Q

What is Berry (1967) used for

A

Cucture , culture dimensions , ethics , research method

87
Q

Berry (1967) - Aim

A

.

88
Q

Berry (1967) - Procedure

A

.

89
Q

Berry (1967) - Results

A

.

90
Q

Berry (1967) - Findings

A

.

91
Q

What is Fagot (1978) used for

A

enculturation

92
Q

Fagot (1978) - Aim

A

.

93
Q

Fagot (1978) - Procedure

A

.

94
Q

Fagot (1978) - Results

A

.

95
Q

Fagot (1978) - Findings

A

.

96
Q

What is Luck and Willison (2010) used for

A

acculturation , ethics, research methods

97
Q

Luck and Willison (2010) - Aim

A

.

98
Q

Luck and Willison (2010) - Procedure

A

.

99
Q

Luck and Willison (2010) - Results

A

.

100
Q

Luck and Willison (2010) - Findings

A

.

psy (6 decks)

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