Psy module 6

Question 1

Extinction

Answer 1

Withholding information for a previously reinforced response, responding decreases to baseline levels after SR+ is withheld.

Question 2

Can you extinguish a behavior that has not been previously reinforced?

Answer 2

No, because w/o the reinforcement, the behavior will continue at baseline level and have no change.

Question 3

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 3

every time a behavior occurs, the reinforcer is delivered= behavior quickly decreases.

Question 4

Intermittent reinforcement

Answer 4

every so often when a behavior occurs, the reinforcer is delivered= behavior slowly decreases.

Question 5

Partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)

Answer 5

direct relation between prior reinforcement rate and how quickly behavior undergoes extinction.

Question 6

Extinction with Positive Reinforcement SR+

Answer 6

No SR+ > behavior occurs> SR+ provided = behavior increases. Reinforcer no longer provided is contingent upon a behavior occuring.

Question 7

Extinction with Negative Reinforcement SR-

Answer 7

aversive condition present> behavior occurs> aversive condition removed> behavior increases. Aversive stimulus/condition is no longer removed contingent upon a behavior occurring.

Question 8

Extinction burst

Answer 8

Ex: a child saying “mom” over and over and over until they finally stop because the mother is not responding.

Question 9

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 9

the recurrence of the previously reinforced response.

Question 10

Increased response variability

Answer 10

-the change in the topography of an operant response following extinction.
-progression of a problem behavior
-can be beneficial

Question 11

Resurgence

Answer 11

recurrence of the previously reinforced response when a more recently reinforced response is extinguished.

Question 12

An example of Resurgence

Answer 12

-your dog used to bark for your attention
-you teach him to come sit by you and nudge your leg when they want attention instead of barking.
-you ignore him once when he nudges your leg, so he then barks instead.

Question 13

An example of Resurgence

Answer 13

-your dog used to bark for your attention
-you teach him to come sit by you and nudge your leg when they want attention instead of barking.
-you ignore him once when he nudges your leg, so he then barks instead.

Question 14

Differential Reinforcement (D.R)

Answer 14

Reinforce one response while withholding reinforcement for another response.

Question 15

D.R of alternative behavior (DRA)

Answer 15

a reinforcer is delivered contingent upon an alternative response, reinforcement is withheld contingent on the problem behavior.

Question 16

D.R of incompatible behavior (DRI)

Answer 16

Reinforce behavior that is incompatible (cannot occur simultaneously) with the problem behavior, withhold reinforcement contingent upon the problem behavior.

Question 17

D.R of other behavior (DRO)

Answer 17

Provide reinforcement following a period of time in which no responses occur. “other”= anything other than the target response that can occur.

Question 18

D.R low rates of behavior (DRL)

Answer 18

reinforcer delivered if no more than a specified number of responses occur during a given time period. This creates low rates of a target behavior.

Question 19

D.R high rates of behavior (DRH)

Answer 19

reinforcement delivered if at least a specified number of responses occur during a given time period. This creates high rates of of desirable behaviors.

Question 20

D.R of variability

Answer 20

reinforcer delivered if the response hasn’t been emitted recently, this promotes different responses.

Question 21

What is a function?

Answer 21

it is the reason a behavior occurs
-EX: washing your hands because they are dirty, the function is your dirty hands

Question 22

What are the four types of functions?

Answer 22

Access, Attention, Escape/Avoidance, Automatic

Question 23

Access

Answer 23

to gain access to a tangible object or an activity.

Question 24

Attention

Answer 24

to get attention from someone.

Question 25

Escape/Avoidance

Answer 25

negative reinforcement

Question 26

Automatic

Answer 26

something you do for no apparent reason, like clicking your pen or bouncing your leg.

Question 27

Why do we need to know the function?

Answer 27

to determine the appropriate treatment, to use extinction, If behavior is for attention-we can withhold attention.

Question 28

How to determine the function

Answer 28

Functional assessments, functional analysis

Question 29

Functional analysis (F.A)

Answer 29

Uses different types of reinforcers to turn the behavior on and off, and compares the responses in different conditions (attention, demand, alone, play)