Psy module 6 Flashcards
Extinction
Withholding information for a previously reinforced response, responding decreases to baseline levels after SR+ is withheld.
Can you extinguish a behavior that has not been previously reinforced?
No, because w/o the reinforcement, the behavior will continue at baseline level and have no change.
Continuous reinforcement
every time a behavior occurs, the reinforcer is delivered= behavior quickly decreases.
Intermittent reinforcement
every so often when a behavior occurs, the reinforcer is delivered= behavior slowly decreases.
Partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)
direct relation between prior reinforcement rate and how quickly behavior undergoes extinction.
Extinction with Positive Reinforcement SR+
No SR+ > behavior occurs> SR+ provided = behavior increases. Reinforcer no longer provided is contingent upon a behavior occuring.
Extinction with Negative Reinforcement SR-
aversive condition present> behavior occurs> aversive condition removed> behavior increases. Aversive stimulus/condition is no longer removed contingent upon a behavior occurring.
Extinction burst
Ex: a child saying “mom” over and over and over until they finally stop because the mother is not responding.
Spontaneous recovery
the recurrence of the previously reinforced response.
Increased response variability
-the change in the topography of an operant response following extinction.
-progression of a problem behavior
-can be beneficial
Resurgence
recurrence of the previously reinforced response when a more recently reinforced response is extinguished.
An example of Resurgence
-your dog used to bark for your attention
-you teach him to come sit by you and nudge your leg when they want attention instead of barking.
-you ignore him once when he nudges your leg, so he then barks instead.
An example of Resurgence
-your dog used to bark for your attention
-you teach him to come sit by you and nudge your leg when they want attention instead of barking.
-you ignore him once when he nudges your leg, so he then barks instead.
Differential Reinforcement (D.R)
Reinforce one response while withholding reinforcement for another response.
D.R of alternative behavior (DRA)
a reinforcer is delivered contingent upon an alternative response, reinforcement is withheld contingent on the problem behavior.
D.R of incompatible behavior (DRI)
Reinforce behavior that is incompatible (cannot occur simultaneously) with the problem behavior, withhold reinforcement contingent upon the problem behavior.
D.R of other behavior (DRO)
Provide reinforcement following a period of time in which no responses occur. “other”= anything other than the target response that can occur.
D.R low rates of behavior (DRL)
reinforcer delivered if no more than a specified number of responses occur during a given time period. This creates low rates of a target behavior.
D.R high rates of behavior (DRH)
reinforcement delivered if at least a specified number of responses occur during a given time period. This creates high rates of of desirable behaviors.
D.R of variability
reinforcer delivered if the response hasn’t been emitted recently, this promotes different responses.
What is a function?
it is the reason a behavior occurs
-EX: washing your hands because they are dirty, the function is your dirty hands
What are the four types of functions?
Access, Attention, Escape/Avoidance, Automatic
Access
to gain access to a tangible object or an activity.
Attention
to get attention from someone.
Escape/Avoidance
negative reinforcement
Automatic
something you do for no apparent reason, like clicking your pen or bouncing your leg.
Why do we need to know the function?
to determine the appropriate treatment, to use extinction, If behavior is for attention-we can withhold attention.
How to determine the function
Functional assessments, functional analysis
Functional analysis (F.A)
Uses different types of reinforcers to turn the behavior on and off, and compares the responses in different conditions (attention, demand, alone, play)
