Psy module 5

Question 1

operant behavior

Answer 1

the behavior is modified by its consequences. increase or decrease in responding as a function of the consequence(s) that followed that response.

Question 2

reinforcement

Answer 2

responding becomes more likely and increases in the future

Question 3

punishment

Answer 3

responding becomes less likely and decreases in the future

Question 4

operant behavior vs. respondent conditioning

Answer 4

operant behavior: behavior is modified by its consequences. pavlovian learning: behavior is modified by its antecedents.

Question 5

three-term contingency

Answer 5

Antecedent, behavior, consequence

Question 6

antecedent

Answer 6

an observable stimulus that is present before a behavior

Question 7

consequence

Answer 7

an observable stimulus change that happens after a behavior, it can either increase, decrease, or have no change on the behavior.

Question 8

“I am waiting to cross the street, the little hand turns into a stick figure walking. I start walking in the street until I cross the road and am on the other side of the street” identify the antecedent, behavior and consequence.

Answer 8

Antecedent: hand turning into a stick figure
Behavior: walking
Consequence: getting to the other side of the street.

Question 9

reinforcer

Answer 9

a consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level. it is only a reinforcer if it INCREASES the likelihood of behavior occurring in the future.

Question 10

reward

Answer 10

a beneficial consequence that we think will function as a reinforcer, but we don’t know if it will yet.

Question 11

Reinforcement=Reward but…

Answer 11

Reward does not = Reinforcement

Question 12

Thorndike’s puzzle boxes.

Answer 12

the first demonstration of the efficiency of reinforcers, and Skinner used this idea to create his skinner boxes.

Question 13

Positive reinforcement SR+

Answer 13

something preferred is added to the environment that increases behavior, anything can be added, such as praise, food or access to an activity. Something GOOD is added.

Question 14

Negative reinforcement SR-

Answer 14

Some aversive stimulus is removed or avoided following a behavior, anything can be removed such as demands, people, or something scary. something BAD is removed.

Question 15

what are the two types of negative reinforcement?

Answer 15

Escape SRe- & Avoidance SRa-

Question 16

Neg reinforcement- Escape SRe-

Answer 16

a stimulus that the person doesn’t like is already there and they make it go away.

Question 17

Neg reinforcement - Avoidance SRa-

Answer 17

a stimulus that the person doesn’t like hasn’t occurred yet and they purposely delay its occurrence or prevent it from ever happening.

Question 18

Why is there positive and negative reinforcement?

Answer 18

to identify the difference between the consequences, and to identify loss aversion: SR- tends to be more effective than Sr+

Question 19

social significance

Answer 19

something that has a significant impact on an individual’s life or the life of those close to them.

Question 20

example of social significance

Answer 20

A friend who vapes and says they want to quit, they have to actually want to quit before that can happen.

Question 21

social significance in the workplace

Answer 21

it can be used to increase any socially significant behaviors: safety, satisfaction, and productivity. And can come in a variety of forms: incentives,praise.

Question 22

self-management

Answer 22

Can be behavior contracts or just self monitoring.