Psy module 5 Flashcards
operant behavior
the behavior is modified by its consequences. increase or decrease in responding as a function of the consequence(s) that followed that response.
reinforcement
responding becomes more likely and increases in the future
punishment
responding becomes less likely and decreases in the future
operant behavior vs. respondent conditioning
operant behavior: behavior is modified by its consequences. pavlovian learning: behavior is modified by its antecedents.
three-term contingency
Antecedent, behavior, consequence
antecedent
an observable stimulus that is present before a behavior
consequence
an observable stimulus change that happens after a behavior, it can either increase, decrease, or have no change on the behavior.
“I am waiting to cross the street, the little hand turns into a stick figure walking. I start walking in the street until I cross the road and am on the other side of the street” identify the antecedent, behavior and consequence.
Antecedent: hand turning into a stick figure
Behavior: walking
Consequence: getting to the other side of the street.
reinforcer
a consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level. it is only a reinforcer if it INCREASES the likelihood of behavior occurring in the future.
reward
a beneficial consequence that we think will function as a reinforcer, but we don’t know if it will yet.
Reinforcement=Reward but…
Reward does not = Reinforcement
Thorndike’s puzzle boxes.
the first demonstration of the efficiency of reinforcers, and Skinner used this idea to create his skinner boxes.
Positive reinforcement SR+
something preferred is added to the environment that increases behavior, anything can be added, such as praise, food or access to an activity. Something GOOD is added.
Negative reinforcement SR-
Some aversive stimulus is removed or avoided following a behavior, anything can be removed such as demands, people, or something scary. something BAD is removed.
what are the two types of negative reinforcement?
Escape SRe- & Avoidance SRa-
Neg reinforcement- Escape SRe-
a stimulus that the person doesn’t like is already there and they make it go away.
Neg reinforcement - Avoidance SRa-
a stimulus that the person doesn’t like hasn’t occurred yet and they purposely delay its occurrence or prevent it from ever happening.
Why is there positive and negative reinforcement?
to identify the difference between the consequences, and to identify loss aversion: SR- tends to be more effective than Sr+
social significance
something that has a significant impact on an individual’s life or the life of those close to them.
example of social significance
A friend who vapes and says they want to quit, they have to actually want to quit before that can happen.
social significance in the workplace
it can be used to increase any socially significant behaviors: safety, satisfaction, and productivity. And can come in a variety of forms: incentives,praise.
self-management
Can be behavior contracts or just self monitoring.
