PSY final exam review Flashcards
What is abnormality?
Away from the usual and typical.
List the criteria of abnormality?
- Distress (It hurts)
- Impairment (reduction in function)
- Risk to self/others (Suicidal or homicidal)
- Socially/ Culturally Inappropriate (does not fit in)
What are the theories of abnormality?
- Medical
- Psychodynamic
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Sociocultural
- Biopsychosocial
What is DSM-5?
Diagnostic and statistical manual
List the different types of anxiety disorders?
A) Specific Phobias B) Social Anxiety Disorder C) Generalized Anxiety Disorder D) Panic Disorder E) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder F) PTSD
List various specific phobias
Acrophobia= Fear of high or elevated places Claustrophobia= Fear of tight, small places Mysophobia= Fear of germs or contamination Nyctophobia= Fear of the darkness Ochlophobia= Fear of crowds Zoophobia= Fear of animals or a specific animal Hydrophobia= Fear of water
How long must symptoms last in social anxiety disorder?
Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months
What is the most common social phobia?
The fear of Public Speaking
How long must symptoms last in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Symptoms must last at least 6 months
Out of all the anxiety disorders listed, which is the most common of all the anxiety disorder?
GAD (Constant worry and excessive preoccupation.
What are the symptoms of panic attack?
- shortness of breath
- hyperventilation
- fear of dying or of going crazy
- tachycardia
- loss of muscle tone
How long does a person feel concerned of having another attack?
At least 1 month
What other disorder is commonly diagnosed with panic disorder?
Agoraphobia
What is obsession?
A recurrent, intrusive and disturbing thought or image that creates significant distress and anxiety
What is compulsion?
An irresistible urge to repeat an act or to engage in ritualistic behavior
What is the goal of a compulsion?
To prevent a terrible tragedy or situation from occuring
What is the aim of a compulsion?
To relieve the anxiety associated with the obsession
How much time is taken up daily by the symptoms of OCD?
Obs/comp must consume more than 1 hour/day
When do symptoms of OCD tend to appear?
During adolescence or early adulthood.
True or False?
OCD appear equally among men and women
True
What is the average age of onset for OCD?
19
What is the risk factor for developing OCD later in life?
Physical/ Sexual abuse
What are the symptoms of PTSD?
- Nightmares or uncomfortable recollections of the traumatic event
- Flashbacks
- social withdrawal
- avoidance of reminders associated with the traumatic event
- Difficulty concentrating
What is a flashback?
Reliving a traumatic experience
What is the difference between mood and affect?
Mood= the internal emotional state of a person Affect= The external expression of emotion
What is the most common of all the psychological disorders?
Major depression is the most common of all the psychological disorders
Out of 100 people, how many men and women will develop a major depressive disorder at some point in their life?
13 men and 21 women
Who gets diagnosed more often with major depression ?
At a ratio 2:1 Women
What is the lifetime prevalence of MDD in the US?
16.6%
How more likely are women than men of experiencing a MDD at some point on their life?
Women are 70% more likely than men to experience MDD
What is the average age of onset for Major Depression?
32 Years old
What are the symptoms of major depression?
- Lack of energy
- Excessive sleep (hypersomnia)
- Loss of pleasure (anhedonia)
- Extreme sadness
- Excessive guilt
- Loss of appetite
- Weight Loss
What is anhedonia?
Loss of pleasure
How long must the symptoms of major depression persist for a diagnosis?
For at least 2 weeks
What characterizes dysthymia?
Less severe form of MDD
How long must the symptoms persist for a diagnosis in adults? In children? for dysthymia
2 years for adults; 1 for children
