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Intro to Psychology 2012 > Altered States of Consciouness > Flashcards

Altered States of Consciouness Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of sleep?

A

Rest, Energy conservation, Memory consolidation and emotional discharge, safety, and Growth and repair

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2
Q

What are the effects of sleep of deprivation?

A

Mood changes, Decline in cognitive functions, Weight gain, Impaired immune system, and Decrease in motor skills.

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3
Q

What are the brain wave(s) produced during the awake state?

A

Alpha and Beta waves

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4
Q

List the stages of sleep.

A 
Stage 1= Theta wave sleep
Stage 2= Sleep spindles
Stage 3= Delta wave sleep
Stage 4=Delta wave sleep
Stage 5= REM sleep
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5
Q

Which stage is the deepest stage of sleep where one is physiologically near death?

A

Stage 4

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6
Q

Which stage of sleep is where vivid dreams occur?

A

Stage 5=REM SLEEP

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7
Q

Describe the pattern of REM sleep.

A

Following stage 4. The brain waves of the earlier stages begin to appear. Stage 3, Stage 2, and even Stage 1. After this, the person begins to manifest Rapid Eye Movement (REM), and this marks the entrance into the final sleep stage

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8
Q

Fill in the blanks:

“As the night progresses, sleep tends to become _____ and ______ periods become _________.”

A

Lighter
REM
Longer

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9
Q

What is associated with Alpha waves?

A

Associated with a relaxed but awake state.

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10
Q

What is associated with Beta waves?

A

Associated with an alert, concentrating, and problem solving state.

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11
Q

REM sleep is also called what?

A

Paradoxical Sleep

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12
Q

During REM sleep which neurotransmitter(s) INCREASES in the brain?

A

Level of Acetylcholine

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13
Q

During REM sleep which neurotransmitter(s) DECREASES in the brain?

A

Levels of Norepinephrine & Serotonin

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14
Q

What is the sleep hormone?

A

Melatonin

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15
Q

What is a lucid dream?

A

A dream in which the dreamer is aware of dreaming.

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16
Q

What happens to the brain when one is dreaming VERBAL DREAMS…?

A

Non-REM sleep are reported as “thinking” type/ thinking about problems

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17
Q

What happens to the brain when one is dreaming PICTURE DREAMS…?

A

REM sleep characterized by visual imagery/ include a story that involves odd perceptions.

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18
Q

{THEORIES OF DREAM}

What is Freud’s view on dreams?

A

Dream = Wish Fulfillment

Manifest content and Latent content.

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19
Q

What is manifest content?

A

The remembered part of the dream.

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20
Q

What is latent content?

A

The true meaning of the dream.

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21
Q

{THEORIES OF DREAM}

What is the activation synthesis hypothesis?

A

Dreams= the brains attempt to make sense of the random firing of neurons.

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22
Q

{THEORIES OF DREAM}

What is cognitive theory?

A

Dreams = Thinking while sleeping

the dream is an expression of the manifest content

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23
Q

{THEORIES OF DREAM}

What is evolutionary theory?

A

Dreams = Protective function.

To rehearse strategies for possible real life situations

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24
Q

{SLEEP DISORDERS}

What is insomnia?

A
  • Dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality with complaints of difficulty initiating sleep.
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25
Q

{SLEEP DISORDERS}

What is Nonrestorative sleep?

A
  • A complaint of poor sleep quality that does not leave the individual rested upon awakening despite adequate duration.
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26
Q

{SLEEP DISORDERS}

What is hypersomnolence Disorder?

A

Excessive sleepiness despite a man sleep period lasting at least 7 hours.

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27
Q

{SLEEP DISORDERS}

What are the following symptoms for hypersomnolence disorder?

A
  1. recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep within the same day.
  2. A prolonged main sleep episode of more than 9 hours per day that is nonrestorative.
  3. Difficulty being fully awake after abrupt awakening
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28
Q

What is hypnogogic hallucinations?

A

Distorted perceptions that occur just prior to falling asleep

29
Q

What is hypnopompic hallucinations?

A

Distorted perceptions occurs just before being fully awake

30
Q

What is automatic behavior?

A

Persons continues to function during sleep episodes but awakens with no memory of performing such activities.
(sleepwalking, talking, actions)

31
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Characterized by the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakening.

32
Q

What is parasomnias?

A

Characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological events occurring in association with sleep.
(occurs during stages 3 and 4)

33
Q

What is REM sleep disorder?

A

Person acts out their dreams.

34
Q

What is Sleep terror disorder?

A

(Night terrors) Characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified which occurs within 2-3 hours of falling asleep.

35
Q

What is sleepwalking?

A

Typically occurs during deep sleep (stages 3 & 4)

  • Has their eye open in a stare
  • The person is unable to respond during the event and does not remember the event
  • Most common during middle childhood (6-12) Boys>Girls
  • Runs in family/ Identical twins.
36
Q

What is sleep talking?

A
  • Occurs in all stages of sleep
  • Mostly about life concerns
  • Not deep secrets
37
Q

What is meditation mainly used for?

A

To relieve pain, anxiety, and stress related illnesses.

38
Q

What brain waves is more associated with meditation

A

Alpha waves

39
Q

What is Hypnotherapy?

A

The use of hypnosis for therapeutic purposes.

40
Q

What is hypnotherapy most effective with?

A

Pain Management

41
Q

Which age group are least hypnotizable?

A

Very young children

Elderly

42
Q

Which age group are most hypnotizable?

A

Adolescence

15 % of adults

43
Q

What are the 3 gateway drugs?

A

Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana

44
Q

Name licit drugs

A

Coffee, Alcohol, tobacco, etc

45
Q

Name Illicit drugs

A

Marijuana, cocaine, LSD, etc

46
Q

What are the three main classification of drugs?

A

1) Depressants
2) Stimulants
3) Hallucinogens

47
Q

What are the 2 main physiological characteristics of addiction?

A

1) Withdrawal- Symptoms that result from the sudden decrease in the level of use of an addictive drug.
2) Tolerance- Requiring of increasingly higher doses of drug in order to achieve the same effect

48
Q

Substance dependence = ?

A

Addiction

49
Q

Psychological dependence = ?

A

Habituation

50
Q

What is substance abuse?

A

A mal-adaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment or distress.

51
Q

What is substance dependence?

A

Continued use of a substance despite efforts to cut down or stop all together.

52
Q

What is the difference between substance abuse and substance dependence

A

Substance dependence is MORE DANGEROUS than substance abuse.

53
Q

The three main classification of drugs are based on what specific type of drug?
(depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens)

A

Psychoactive drugs are classified according to their effect on the CNS

54
Q

What does depressants do to the CNS?

A
  • Depressants drugs reduce (slows downs) the rate of activity
  • Lowers heart rate, Blood pressure, and respiratory
55
Q

What does stimulants do to the CNS?

A

Stimulants drugs that increase the rate of activity in the CNS
- Increases Heart rate, Blood pressure, respiratory, and metabolism

56
Q

Name the types of depressants drugs.

A 
Barbiturates 
Benzodiazepines 
Narcotics
Alcohol
etc...
57
Q

Which of the depressant drugs is not addictive?

A

Benzodiazepines

58
Q

Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, and alcohol both increase/targets which neurotransmitters?

A

GABA

59
Q

Narcotics increases/targets which neurotransmitters?

A

Endorphins

opiates, opioids

60
Q

What is the current, legal blood alcohol level or limit in Florida?

A

.08

61
Q

How much is the annual alcohol related deaths?

A

88,000

62
Q

How much is the alcohol fatalities associated with driving in 2014?

A

9,967

63
Q

Name the types of stimulants drugs.

A 
Cocaine
Amphetamines
designer amphetamines
a) Methcathinone ("cat")
b) MDMA (Ecstacy)
Ritalin
Nicotine
caffeine
64
Q

Name the types of hallucinogens drugs.

A 
Marijuana
PCP
LSD
Mesclaine (peyote)
psilocybin (mexican mushroom)
dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
65
Q

What is binge drinking?

A

4 drinks for female in 2 hours

5 drinks for males in 2 hours

66
Q

What is heavy drinking?

A

Binge drinking on 5 or more days in the past month

67
Q

What is the legal drinking age?

A

21

68
Q

Where is alcohol metabolized in the body and what rate?

A

Liver at the rate of 0.08

69
Q

Which gender has a higher impact on consumption of alcohol?

A

Females; due to body mass in males.

Intro to Psychology 2012 (5 decks)

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