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Psychology > PSY Final Exam > Flashcards

PSY Final Exam Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Behaviorism

A

Watson and Skinner believed this, idea that the mind is like a black box

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2
Q

Theory

A

organizes observations
falsifiable/ testable
Can never be fully 100% proven, always going to be an outlier

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3
Q

Replication

A

across samples, materials, cultures, situations

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4
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

observing behavior in natural setting

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5
Q

Correlation

A

when there is a relationship between two variables

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6
Q

Independent variable

A

experimental factor that varies between groups, independent of other variables/factors

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7
Q

Dependent variable

A

outcome/measures variable, depends on the IV

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8
Q

Limbic System

A

has a significant influence on behavior (fear, aggression, anxiety) almost connects lots of pieces of the brain together

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9
Q

Nueron

A

a nerve cell, the basic building block of the nervous system

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10
Q

Broca’s area

A

when this area of the brain was destroyed it was made clear that the brain’s ability to produce speech was gone

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11
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

when this area of the brain was destroyed it was made clear that the brain’s ability to comprehend speech was gone

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12
Q

rods

A

helps see black and white, low light vision

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13
Q

cones

A

help see color as well as fine detail

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14
Q

psychophysiological illness

A

physical diseases that are either brought about or worsened by stress and other emotional factors

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15
Q

Nature v Nurture

A

both genetics and environment can significantly impact a person

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16
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

you have a behavior and you introduce a punishment or reward to get desired response

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17
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

A third party is involved as a neutral stimulus

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18
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A

Something that automatically delivers a response (good smelling food)

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19
Q

Unconditioned Response

A

Naturally occurring unlearned response to the US (mouth waters to the good smelling food)

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20
Q

Neutral Stimulus

A

On its own it gets no response (Bell in the dog and food example)

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21
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

Old neutral stimulus that has changed after conditioning (bell now makes dog’s mouth water)

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22
Q

Rorschach test

A

show you a distorted image and interpret what you see

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23
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

Show you a picture of a situation and have you interpret them in order to understand your mental processing

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24
Q

Repression

A

Hiding your feelings by ignoring them so that they don’t cause pain

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25
Reaction formation
bullying others for your insecurity
26
Projection
Put your feelings on others ("you look very stressed")
27
Displacement
Putting your feelings on a safer target
28
Sublimation
when someone replaces a desire with an acceptable action (aggressive --> sports)
29
Denial
rejecting claims
30
Regression
retreating to an earlier developmental stage to cope with stress
31
Rationalization
people justify difficult or unacceptable feelings with seemingly logical reasons and explanations
32
Neuroticism
how irritated you get in situations
33
Id
Pleasure principle, based around hunger and sex
34
Ego
Reality, balance between Id and SuperEgo
35
SuperEgo
Morals, right thing to do
36
What happens when personality structures compete?
Conflicts arise between Id, Ego, and SuperEgo and disorders can form
37
Oral
0-18 months, biting and chewing
38
Anal
18-36 months, likes control and is sloppy
39
Phallic
3-6 years, child's pleasure focuses on genitals
40
Latency
6-puberty, cooties stage
41
Genital
Puberty-forever, mature sexual functioning and intercourse
42
fixation
getting stuck in a psychosexual stage
43
Anal retentiveness
person who pays such attention to detail that it becomes an obsession and may be an annoyance to others
44
anal expulsive
person who exhibits cruelty, emotional outbursts, disorganization, self-confidence, artistic ability, generosity, rebelliousness and general carelessness
45
Oedipal conflict
a boy who acts possessive of his mother and tells the father not to touch her, being attracted to your parent
46
factor analysis
technique that is used to reduce a large number of variables into fewer numbers of factors
47
Assessing traits (MMPI)
the MMPi is the most widely researched and clinically used personality test
48
social psychology
study of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors due to the implied presence of other people
49
Self
most complex and elaborate schema
50
The Big Five
Open to new experiences Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
51
reciprocal determinism
exists among environment, behavior, and the individual
52
learned helplessness
lack of self-esteem, low motivation, a lack of persistence, the conviction of being inept, and ultimately failure due to repeated failure
53
Dispositional
internal, aggressive personality
54
Situational
external, Abusive parents
55
Attitudes
Global evaluation of stimulus which guides our behavior and is shaped by beliefs
56
Cognitive Dissonance
we like consistency, dissonance is uncomfy and this motivates us to change
57
Social Influence
intentional and unintentional efforts to change another person's beliefs, attitudes, or behavior
58
Conformity
Adjusting our behaviors to the standards of others
59
Normative social influence
change to be socially accepted
60
Informational Social Influence
we change in order to be correct
61
Obedience
following orders of a legit authority figure
62
Deindividualization
we lose our sense of self because we are aroused and totally anonymous (concerts)
63
Social Loafing
exert less when in a group because we are less concerned about being evaluated
64
Social Facilitation
being in the presence of others improves individual task performance (packed gym in basketball = better game)
65
Prejudice
based solely on emotions you FEEL for a certain group
66
Stereotypes
what we THINK is the representation of a typical group member
67
Discriminization
how we ACT or behave
68
Modeling
We look to others to copy their behavior
69
Social Scripts
TV shows and movies constantly show us that aggression is acceptable
70
Proximity
Being around others makes us like them even more
71
Physical Attractiveness
tend to think that these people are more funny and social than they actually are
72
What is attractive?
symmetry average faces waist to hip ratio baby face
73
Similarity
We very much like people who have attitudes and beliefs that are similar
74
Physical Love
physical arousal and cognitive appraisal
75
Companionate love
fostered by equity and self disclosure (marry your best friend)
76
Altruism
prosocial behavior that has no benefit to yourself
77
Bystander Effect
the more people that are present the less likely help will be given
78
Helping
Anything that benefits others
79
Social Exchange Theory
helping others so that they will exchange a favor and return it eventually
80
Reciprocity Norm
the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit (bringing someone to the airport)
81
Social Responsibility
Helping another person because it is socially your job to do
82
Reliability
refers to the consistency of a measure
83
Validity
refers to the accuracy of a measure
84
central nervous system
brain and spinal

Psychology (5 decks)

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