PSY Exam #3 Flashcards
Physiological Activation
what your body feels
Expressive Behavior
signaling to others
Conscious Experience
aware you are experiencing it
James-Lange Theory
body responds first, because of this you feel an emotion. (body cries –> feel sad)
Cannon-Bard Theory
emotional response AND physiological activation occur at the same time
Schachter-Singer’s 2 Factor Theory
need environment to figure out source of arousal because most emotions feel very similar
Misattributing Arousal
wrongly assigning emotions to what you are feeling
Emotional Reasoning
use feelings to convince ourselves something is actually true
Left brain is more…
Happy
Right brain is more…
Depressed
Charles Darwin speculated:
Our ancestors communicate with facial expressions in the absence of language
Universal Emotions
Anger
Fear
Happiness
Sadness
Disgust
Surprise
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
our facial expression can influence our inner emotions
Catharsis Hypothesis
venting anger through actions or fantasy activities
Reducing Anger
Wait
Stop getting annoyed by little things
Act assertively, talk constructively
Forgiveness
Express emotions safely
Subjective Well Being
self perceived feeling of happiness/satisfaction around life
Variations in Happiness
positive mood reaches a maximum within 6-7 hours of waking up
Hedonic Treadmill
happiness treadmill where we continue to adjust our levels of happiness
What makes us happy
Self esteem
Optimism
Close friend or marriage
work that matches your skills
active religious faith
sleep/exercise
Stress
Any situation, real or perceived, that threatens your well being
Stressors
something that causes a state of strain or tension
Seyle’s General Adaptation Syndrome
Alarm
mobilizing resources
Resistance
stress doesn’t impact you as much
Exhaustion
becomes too much, can’t handle it
Long term stress and persistence is
Harmful
Problem Focused Coping
Reducing stress by changing events that cause stress
Emotion Focused Coping
when we cannot change a stressful situation we comfort ourselves
Avoidant Coping
escaping the problem or situation
Perceived Control
We love being in control and we feel stressed when we are not
Social Support
being with your friends or family helps reduce stress
Aerobic Exercise
Running and lifting is proven to reduce stress
Relaxation/Meditation
Being calm and peaceful is proven to reduce stress
Faith Communities
proven to lead to healthy behaviors and literally leads to a longer life
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal
Instincts
Fixed patterns that are unlearned across all species (eating, avoid pain, sex)
Drive Reduction Theory
We have a need that creates a drive in us, when you feel an arousal (hunger) you have a drive to reduce it (find food)
Homeostasis
Balanced state, end goal
Incentives
positive stimuli that motivate our behavior (favorite food)
Abraham Maslow suggested
Hierarchy of Needs, hunger and thirst are at the bottom and living up to your fullest potential is at the top
Self Transcendence Needs
meaning and identity that goes beyond yourself
Glucose
is monitored and neurons send messages to hypothalamus
Lateral Hypothalamus
brings on hunger
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
depresses hunger
Set Point
Internal “thermostat” which is influenced by heredity and body type
Neophobia
We avoid new and unfamiliar foods because of potential threats
Situational Influences
Eat more when in a group because we are more aroused
4 Phases of Sex
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
Imagined
most powerful sexual stimuli is the brain
Sexual Orientation
refers to a person’s enduring attraction to others
Physiological DIsorders
bring unexplained, physical symptoms, irrational fears, and suicidal thoughts
What are the 3 D’s?
Deviant, Distress, and Dysfunctional
Deviant
things depend on social and cultural norms (walking around naked)
Distress
goes along with deviant behavior
Dysfunctional
Messing up daily life
Medical Model
Cause
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Anxiety
nervousness, worry, and unease
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
uncontrollable tenseness and autonomic arousal but no legitimate source of anxiety
Panic Disorder
minute long episodes of dread which include feelings of terror, chest pains, and choking
Phobia
marked by persistent and irrational fear of an object/situation that disrupts behavior
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
persistent, unwanted thoughts or urges that engage in senseless rituals that cause distress
PTSD
four or more weeks of the following symptoms
haunting memories
nightmares
social withdrawal
jumpy anxiety
sleep problems
Learning Perspective
Conditioning
Observational Learning
Cognition
Biological Perspective
Natural Selection
Genes
Brain Pathways
Major Depression
30% of college students, “common cold” of disorders
Signs of Depression
Lethargy
Worthlessness
Loss of interest
BiPolar Disorder
Alternating between depression and mania
What percent of mood disorders run in the family?
37%
Schizophrenia
people lose touch with reality and have disturbed perceptions
Positive Symptoms
presence of inappropriate behaviors
Negative Symptoms
absence of appropriate behaviors
Schizophrenia Positive Symptoms
Delusions
Hallucinations
Inappropriate Affect
Disorganized Thoughts
Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms
Expressionless Face
Rigid Bodies
Social Withdrawal
Schizophrenia Delusion Types
Control: gov controlling them
Erotomania: Taylor Swift talks to me
Grandeur: famous historical person
Reference: tv is speaking to me
Dissociative Identity Disorder
conscious awareness of being separated from previous memories and thoughts (watching yourself like a movie)
Fugue
taking on a brand new personality and you flee your “old” life
Personality Disorder
Enduring patterns of behavior that impair social functioning
Antisocial Personality Disorder
usually men, lack empathy and shows symptoms in their youth
Psychotherapy
emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist
Biomedical Therapy
use drugs or other procedures to act on one’s nervous system
Terms of Psychoanalytic Therapy
Id: animalistic drives
Ego: sense of self, mix of the two
Superego: conscience
Defense Mechanisms
Denial
Repression
Displacement
Reaction Formation
Projection
Sublimation
Denial
Rejecting claims
Repression
intentionally forgetting something so it doesn’t hurt
Displacement
Express your emotions on a safer target
Reaction Formation
Bully other people because of the things you are insecure about
Projection
Put your feelings on others (you look stressed)
Sublimation
Less acceptable urges turn into acceptable expressions (agression –> sports)
Free Association
talk freely without stopping to see what your mind really thinks
Dream Analysis
dreams are indicators of what your unconscious mind is trying to say
Resistence
Avoidance of the topic in therapy means something is going on
Transference
taking your feelings and transferring them over to the therapist and not the other way around
Psychodynamic Therapy
face to face, interpersonal of modern day problems, symptom relief.
Humanistic Theory
goal is to boost self fulfillment, gow in self awareness
Roger’s Client Centered Theory
client goes where they want
Unconditional Positive Regard
no matter what the client says you give them nonstop support and affirmation
Behavior Therapy
focus on behavior and not the cause. Common treatments are phobias and sexual disorders
Counter Conditioning
giving someone new conditions for a stimulus, repeated exposure reduces fear
Systematic Desensitization
exposure therapy that associates a pleasant state with gradually increasing anxiety
Cognitive Therapy
teaches people adaptive ways of thinking based on changing your intervening thoughts
Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
irrational beliefs can cause negative emotions, stop your thinking!
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
focuses both on how people think and also their behaviors, most popular among therapists now
Psychopharmacology
study of drug effects on mind and behavior
Chlorpromazine
Remove a number of positive symptoms as an Antipsychotic
Clozapine
Removes a number of negative symptoms as an Antipsychotic
Antianxiety
Xanax and Ativan
Antidepressant
Prozac, Xoloft, and Paxil
Lithium
a common salt that has been used to stabilize manic episodes
(ECT) Electroconvulsive Therapy
used on severely depressed patients that don’t respond to therapy or drugs where a patient’s brain is shocked in hopes of the brain rewiring and becoming less depressed
Psychosurgery
Remove or damage parts of the brain to relieve pain
