PSY Exam #2 Pt. 2 Flashcards
Change Blindness
Failure to see small things changing in our environment
Selective Attention
Cocktail Party Effect
Circadian Rhythm
Our bodies natural 24 hour cycle, biological clock
How many minutes is a sleep cycle?
90 min
Stage 1 of Sleep
Brief, 10 minutes
Stage 2 of sleep
Rapid rhythmic brain activity, 20 minutes
Stage 3 of sleep
Hard to wake up, delta waves, 30 minutes
REM sleep
30 minutes but get longer as cycles repeat, dreams occur
Why sleep?
Protects us from predators at night
Recuperates: repair cell, manage waste, growth
Stores memories
Think creatively
Supports growth
Sleep Deprivation leads to…
Depression
Performance Decrease
Weight gain
Illness
Reduces attention
Insomnia
Persistent problems falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks
Sleep Apnea
Stopping breathing while sleeping
Night Terrors
Terrible dreams, don’t remember when you wake up
Sleepwalking
Brain sends messages to body while dreaming
Dream
Hallucination of the sleeping mind
Freud’s dream theory
dream to satisfy our own wishes
Freud —> manifest
What’s happening in the dream
Freud –> Latent
Meaning or reasoning behind the dream
Activation Synthesis Theory
Dreams are caused by our brain trying to piece together a collection of information
Hypnosis
Power of influence in which one person suggests to another that things will occur
Social Influence theory
Subjects may simply be imaginative actors playing a role
Psychoactive Drug
chemical substance that alters perception and mood
Tolerance
Our body adapts so that we need more to get the same result
Withdrawal
when stopping a substance users feel undesirable effects
Dependence
Our body needs the substance or drugs in order to feel normal
Depressant
inhibits activity neurally and calms down the body (Alc, Barbiturates, and Opiates)
Alcohol
Depressant that slows processing and reduces self control
Barbiturates
Anxiety Meds, Sleeping Pills, or tranquilizers that are depressants which suppress the nervous system
Opiates
Morphine or Heroin which are depressants and depress neural activity and are highly addictive
Stimulants
Drugs that excite neural activity (Caffeine, cocaine, and meth)
Caffeine and Nicotine
Stimulant that Increase Heart/breathing rates and are highly addictive
Cocaine
Stimulant that has an immediate euphoria followed by a crash
Methamphetamine
Stimulant that elevates energy but leaves user depressed
Ecstasy
Stimulant that is a mild hallucinogen with a euphoric high and permanent deflation of mood
Hallucinogens
distort perceptions and evoke sensory images (LSD and Marijuana)
LSD
Hallucinogen known as acid which leads to panic as well as shapes, tunnels, and near death experiences
Marijauna
Hallucinogen and mild depressant that gives you poor judgement and stays in system for two weeks
Cognition
Involves all mental activities
Algorithms
problem solving strategy that is a step by step procedure that guarantees a solution
Insight
Abrupt sudden solution to a problem (Ah Ha moment)
Schemas
Mental framework that help organize information. Resistant to change and results in confirmation bias and belief perserverance
Priming
Activation of a schema which makes the concepts in your brain clearer ( ex: horror movie)
Hueristics
Mental shortcuts to make quicker judgements instead of fully thinking through every detail
Cognitive Miser
Saving our mental energy
Representativeness Heuristic
judging the likeliness of things on how well they match a prototype and ignores basic information
Availability Hueristic
Whatever comes to mind easier based on frequency
Framing
the perspective on how we approach gains and losses and phrasing information to look the way we want (telling parents about grades)
Anchoring and Adjustment
Over reliance on pre existing judgements (First impressions)
