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UNION > PSY 210 cutaneous senses > Flashcards

PSY 210 cutaneous senses Flashcards

1
Q

what are the skin layers

A

epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

what are the 4 mechanoreceptors + type

A

merkel, meissner, ruffini, pacinian

receptors, corpuscle, cylinder, corpuscle

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3
Q

what are mechanoreceptors used for

A

responding to frequency on skin

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4
Q

MERKEL Hz + respond to

A

0.3 - 3 Hz

pressure

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5
Q

MEISSNER Hz + respond to

A

3 - 40 Hz

flutter / FEATHER

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6
Q

RUFFINI Hz + respond to

A

15 - 400 Hz

stretching skin

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7
Q

PACINIAN Hz + respond to

A

10 - 500 HZ

vibration

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8
Q

slow & fast adaptation organization of receptors

A

SA1: Merkel
SA2: Ruffini

RA1: Meissner
RA2: Pacinian

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9
Q

what do slow adapting (SA) receptors do

A

action potential keeps firing

- adapts slowly to a stimulus

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10
Q

what do rapid-adapting (RA) receptors do

A

fires at first, stops, bursts at end

- adapts quickly to a stimulus

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11
Q

what is receptive field

A

area of skin that’s being stimulated

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12
Q

SMALL receptive field are __

& perception of ___

A
  • SA1: Merkel AND RA1: Meissner

- pressure, flutter

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13
Q

LARGE receptive field are __

& perception of ___

A
  • SA2: Ruffini AND RA2: Pacinian

- stretch, vibration

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14
Q

passive touch

A
  • NOT MANIPULATING

- touching chair, leaning on something, clothes, hands on something

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15
Q

active touch use what mechanoreceptors __ in grabbing a cup

A
  • SA1 (Merkel) = small details
  • SA2 (Ruffini) = grasp
  • RA1 (Messner) = texture
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16
Q

Thermoreceptors differentiated, temps

A

WARM FIBERS:
- increase firing rate w/ higher temp, 44C

COLD FIBERS:
- increase firing rate w/ temp, 30C

17
Q

what do thermoreceptors do

A
  • HAVE OVERLAP
  • neurons tuned to temperature to fire
  • continuously firing
  • no response to pressure
18
Q

what do nociceptors do?

A

detect pain or stimuli that can potentially cause damage to the skin

19
Q

nociceptors can react with

A

thermoreceptors, not really mechano

20
Q

overlap in thermoreceptors helps us sense __

A

wide range of temperature

21
Q

Nociceptors are __, ___, and ___

A
  • mechanosensitive: reactive to mechanical reaction to skin
  • mechanothermal: respond to temperature
  • polydomal: react to many forms of stimuli
22
Q

NEURONAL PATHWAY(s)

A
  • PERIPHERAL NERVES (bundle of skin fibers)
    • MEDIAL LEMNISCAL (proprioception: position of limbs and touch)
  • straight to SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX (S1)
  • SECONDARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX (S2)
  • PERIPHERAL NERVES (bundle of skin fibers)
    • SPINOTHALAMIC (temperature and pain)
  • VENTRAL POSTERIOR NUCLEUS (thalamus)
  • SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX (S1)
  • SECONDARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX (S2)
23
Q

detailed organization of the somatosensory cortex

A

1- HOMUNCULUS
• little man
• 10 body maps (form, texture, pain)

2- CORTICAL MAGNIFICATION
• due to receptive field size
• bigger body part = more sensitive touch

3- COLUMNAR ORGANIZATION
• tactile feature detectors (thalamus and cortex)
• center-surround organization; similar to cells in visual system
• movement, orientation

24
Q

how to test tactile acuity

A

2-point discrimination

25
Q

What is 2-point discrimination?

A
  • point at which you feel 2 stimuli
  • varies across body
  • due to larger and small receptive field
26
Q

FINGERTIP versus CALF 2-point discrimination

A

FINGER:

  • smaller/lower 2-point threshold
  • small receptive field
  • more receptors: CLOSER
  • larger representation in cortex

CALF:

  • larger/higher 2-point threshold
  • large receptive field
  • less receptors: FURTHER APART
  • smaller representation in cortex
27
Q

plasticity of somatosensory cortex

A
  • changes in representations in musicians
  • referred sensation (phantom limbs)
  • – changed representation in brain
  • – can lose plasticity (if don’t practice/use often)
28
Q

plasticity study

A 
monkey:
1- suture 2 inner digits together
(couldn't distinguish the 2 in cortex)
2- amputate a digit
(map for adjacent digits expanded from missing digit)

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