Psuedomonas and burkholderia

Question 1

describe psuedomonas

Answer 1

small, slender, gram negative bacilli 
slime layer present
actively motile
single polar flagella 
free living in soil and water 
produce pigments 
non-fermenters 
utilize a large number of carbon sources 
decomposer/biomediator
aromatic

Question 2

Pyocyanin

Answer 2

blue-green

Question 3

Pyorubin

Answer 3

red-brown rust color

Question 4

Pyoverdin

Answer 4

yellow color

Question 5

Pyomelanin

Answer 5

brown

Question 6

psuedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 6

most common in humans
normal flora in throat and stool 5-10% of population
resistant to soaps, dyes, disinfectants, drugs and drying, ir contaminates ventilators, utensils, bathroom fixtures and mops

Question 7

Burkholderia cepacia

Answer 7

nosocomial
contaminated disinfectants/medical devices
associated with breakdown of proper sterilization procedures
secondary infection in cystic fibrosis, patients with the form on lung abbesses and pneumonia
opportunist in RT, UR and skin

Question 8

Burkholderia mallei

Answer 8

Glanders in horses and donkeys, LRT in infections in humans, localized pulmonary disease.

Question 9

Burkholderia psuedomallei

Answer 9

occurs in SE asia
Rice fields
melodiosis= Vietnamese Time bomb
Direct inoculation or inhalation of aerosols
acute pneumonia 2-3 days after contact, fever, leukocytosis, and consolidation in lungs

Question 10

Infections associated with psuedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 10

healthy hosts can get skin rashes/utis, otitis media

in comprimised host it can cause serious issues

Question 11

who is at risk for psuedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 11

severe burns, neoplastic diseases, premature births, cystic fibrosis- may lead to endocarditis, bronchopneumonia or meninigitis

Question 12

most environments opportunist

Answer 12

water faucets, whirlpools, ventilators, nebulizars, humidifiers, aerosol medications, sinks, cleaning solutions, flower arrangements

Question 13

complications of patients with cystic fibrosis

Answer 13

receptors in CF patients for psuedomonas, thick mucus in ducts and tracheobronchial tree, plugs aveoli, forms a biofilm that protects bacteria from phagocytes, replaced staph aureus as chief secondary invader

Question 14

burn infections

Answer 14

warm, moist environments that are quickly colonized

loss of skin graft may progress to bacteremia, may lead to shock, organ failure and death

Question 15

external otitis

Answer 15

“swimmers ear” otitis externa
also malignant otitis externa in diabetics
70% of external ear infections caused by psuedomonas

Question 16

cutaneous syndrome

Answer 16

erythma angrenosum
perineum, buttocks, extremities or axillae
becomes purple black then necrotic
destruction of arteries and veins

Question 17

folliculitis

Answer 17

hot tubs, pools, spas
usually in areas covered in bathing suits
this is why accurate chlorination is `required

Question 18

osteomyelitis

Answer 18

deep wounds and compound bone fractures

Question 19

endocarditits

Answer 19

prosthetic valves, tricuspids, septicemia

Question 20

eye infections

Answer 20

conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophalmitis
contact lens solution
can destroy cornea 24-48 hours if left untreated

Question 21

virulence factors associated with Psuedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 21

neuraminidase 
endotoxin a/lipid a 
elastas 
protease
pyotease 
pyocynin 
exoenzyme S and exotoxin A

Question 22

drug of choice for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 22

highly resistant
combination of newer aminogylcosides and beta lactam antibiotics
cipro, 3rd generation cephalosporins/monobactams

Question 23

acinetobacter

Answer 23

gram negative coccobacilli
NF soil and water/ found in iraq, very resistant
found in anything wet soaps and disinfectants
faucets, toilets, doorknobs, sinks, respiratory equipment, catheters, pillows
colonizes humans

Question 24

flavobacterium

Answer 24

gram -
nosocomial
water baths/ catheters
neonates at greater risk

Question 25

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Answer 25

gram negative bacilli
nosocomial
fresh water and soil (associated with plant roots), fecal flora in humans
Contaminates disinfectants, dialysis equipment, respiratory equipment, water dispensers and catheters
forms biofilms
affects respiratory tract, blood, spinal fluid, and opthalmic secretions

Question 26

xanthomonas

Answer 26

nosocomial plastic IV catheters

Question 27

patients at risk for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection

Answer 27

Ca patients

indwelling invasive devices

Question 28

what is stenotrophomonas maltophilia treated with?

Answer 28

cephalosporins, tetracyclines, cipro