Psuedomonas and burkholderia Flashcards
describe psuedomonas
small, slender, gram negative bacilli slime layer present actively motile single polar flagella free living in soil and water produce pigments non-fermenters utilize a large number of carbon sources decomposer/biomediator aromatic
Pyocyanin
blue-green
Pyorubin
red-brown rust color
Pyoverdin
yellow color
Pyomelanin
brown
psuedomonas aeruginosa
most common in humans
normal flora in throat and stool 5-10% of population
resistant to soaps, dyes, disinfectants, drugs and drying, ir contaminates ventilators, utensils, bathroom fixtures and mops
Burkholderia cepacia
nosocomial
contaminated disinfectants/medical devices
associated with breakdown of proper sterilization procedures
secondary infection in cystic fibrosis, patients with the form on lung abbesses and pneumonia
opportunist in RT, UR and skin
Burkholderia mallei
Glanders in horses and donkeys, LRT in infections in humans, localized pulmonary disease.
Burkholderia psuedomallei
occurs in SE asia
Rice fields
melodiosis= Vietnamese Time bomb
Direct inoculation or inhalation of aerosols
acute pneumonia 2-3 days after contact, fever, leukocytosis, and consolidation in lungs
Infections associated with psuedomonas aeruginosa
healthy hosts can get skin rashes/utis, otitis media
in comprimised host it can cause serious issues
who is at risk for psuedomonas aeruginosa
severe burns, neoplastic diseases, premature births, cystic fibrosis- may lead to endocarditis, bronchopneumonia or meninigitis
most environments opportunist
water faucets, whirlpools, ventilators, nebulizars, humidifiers, aerosol medications, sinks, cleaning solutions, flower arrangements
complications of patients with cystic fibrosis
receptors in CF patients for psuedomonas, thick mucus in ducts and tracheobronchial tree, plugs aveoli, forms a biofilm that protects bacteria from phagocytes, replaced staph aureus as chief secondary invader
burn infections
warm, moist environments that are quickly colonized
loss of skin graft may progress to bacteremia, may lead to shock, organ failure and death
external otitis
“swimmers ear” otitis externa
also malignant otitis externa in diabetics
70% of external ear infections caused by psuedomonas
cutaneous syndrome
erythma angrenosum
perineum, buttocks, extremities or axillae
becomes purple black then necrotic
destruction of arteries and veins
folliculitis
hot tubs, pools, spas
usually in areas covered in bathing suits
this is why accurate chlorination is `required
osteomyelitis
deep wounds and compound bone fractures
endocarditits
prosthetic valves, tricuspids, septicemia
eye infections
conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophalmitis
contact lens solution
can destroy cornea 24-48 hours if left untreated
virulence factors associated with Psuedomonas aeruginosa
neuraminidase endotoxin a/lipid a elastas protease pyotease pyocynin exoenzyme S and exotoxin A
drug of choice for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
highly resistant
combination of newer aminogylcosides and beta lactam antibiotics
cipro, 3rd generation cephalosporins/monobactams
acinetobacter
gram negative coccobacilli
NF soil and water/ found in iraq, very resistant
found in anything wet soaps and disinfectants
faucets, toilets, doorknobs, sinks, respiratory equipment, catheters, pillows
colonizes humans
flavobacterium
gram -
nosocomial
water baths/ catheters
neonates at greater risk
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
gram negative bacilli
nosocomial
fresh water and soil (associated with plant roots), fecal flora in humans
Contaminates disinfectants, dialysis equipment, respiratory equipment, water dispensers and catheters
forms biofilms
affects respiratory tract, blood, spinal fluid, and opthalmic secretions
xanthomonas
nosocomial plastic IV catheters
patients at risk for stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection
Ca patients
indwelling invasive devices
what is stenotrophomonas maltophilia treated with?
cephalosporins, tetracyclines, cipro
