Cultivation and identification

Question 1

culture media

Answer 1

various nutrients used to grow bacteria

Question 2

broth

Answer 2

water based liquid culture that do not solidify above freezing point

Question 3

Agar

Answer 3

solid culture media that provides a firm surface on which cells can for a discrete colonies
liquifies at boiling point
resolidifies at 42 degrees celsius

Question 4

synthetic

Answer 4

chemically defined, pure composition is known

maintains a particular nutrients in order ensure optimal growth (expensive)

Question 5

nonsynthetic

Answer 5

exact composition unknown, meat, veggies, tissue infusions, vary from batch to batch, ingredients are present but not precisely defined, used by fastidious mos

Question 6

general all purpose media

Answer 6

supports growth of broad spectrum microorganisms

Question 7

enriched media

Answer 7

supports growth of mos by addition of growth supplement

Question 8

selective media

Answer 8

suppresses growth of unwanted bacteria and encourages the growth of wanted bacteria

Question 9

differential media

Answer 9

distinguish between various genera or species of different microorganisms by color changes or other morphological characteristics

Question 10

enrichment media

Answer 10

designed to increase very small numbers of desired mos to detectable numbers, uses selective agents and light elevated temperatures

Question 11

reducing media

Answer 11

contains an agent that absorbs oxygen or slows the penetration of oxygen in a medium

Question 12

transport media

Answer 12

used to keep fragile microorganisms stable until sent to the lab (doesnt change it just keeps it from dying)
(at medical campuses)

Question 13

streak plate

Answer 13

increasingly dilutes population, to help determine how many colonies there are

Question 14

pour plate

Answer 14

used for food samples
used for anaerobes and microaerophobic organisms
used for milk and food colonies

Question 15

resolving power

Answer 15

the ability to see two objects as seperate and distinct
total magnification 1500X
light becomes diffracted

Question 16

numerical aperature

Answer 16

represents the angle of light produced by refraction and is a measure of the quantity of light gathered by the lense

Question 17

bright field

Answer 17

most common multipurpose microscope
dark against white background
normally have 3 or 4 objectives

Question 18

objective lense

Answer 18

magnifies the real image of the object (real image)

Question 19

ocular lense

Answer 19

near the eye, magnifies the virtual image

Question 20

darkfeild

Answer 20

white against black background

special disc blocks out all light besides peripheral light

Question 21

phase contrast

Answer 21

special condenser and objectives are used which alters the light as it passes through and around the specimen

Question 22

differential interference contrast (DIC)

Answer 22

same as phase contrast but has additional prisms that add contrasting colors to the image and 2 beams of light instead of one
produces well defined images that are colored

Question 23

fluorescense

Answer 23

uses fluorochrome dye with conjugated Ag-Ab complexes
used for myobacterium TB screening
uses UV and lenses
referred to as immunoflorescense

Question 24

electron microscope

Answer 24

5000-100000X+
uses electrons and magnetic fields
TEM (transmission electron microscope)
SEM (scanning electron microscope)
Used for viruses

Question 25

wet props view

Answer 25

motility (organism is living)

Question 26

dry props view

Answer 26

structure/shape (organism is dead)

Question 27

procedure for preparing broth

Answer 27

drop on slide, air dry, heat fix

Question 28

procedure for preparing agar

Answer 28

drop of sterile water, saline, broth, air dry, heat fix

Question 29

dye

Answer 29

colored organic compounds used to stain microbiological specimens in order to enhance the contrast between the mo and the background

Question 30

chromophore

Answer 30

charged color portion of the dye

Question 31

basic dyes

Answer 31

used to stain cell components
positive charde
MB,CV,Safranin

Question 32

acidic dyes

Answer 32

used to stain background
negative charge
eosin, nigrosin, india ink

Question 33

procedure for simple staining

Answer 33

apply stain to air dried heat fixed slide 
leave on for a few seconds to 2 minutes
rinse with water 
dry in blotting book 
MB,CV,CF, safranin

Question 34

gram stain

Answer 34

uses chemical composition of cell wall
differences in thickness in charge concentration
hans christian gram- 1884

Question 35

stains in the gram stain

Answer 35

primary stain= crystal violet 
mordant= iodine
decolorizer= alcohol or acetone
counterstain= safranin

Question 36

acid fast or ziehl neelsen

Answer 36

stronger more aggressive staining procedure because of waxes and lipids in cell walls

Question 37

stains in dye in the acid fast/ziehl neelsen

Answer 37

primary stain= carbol fuchsin
mordant= heat
decolorizer= acid alcohol
counterstain= methylene blue or bright green

Question 38

positive acid fast =

Answer 38

pink

Question 39

not acid fast =

Answer 39

blue or green

Question 40

spores =

Answer 40

green

Question 41

vegetative cells =

Answer 41

red

Question 42

endospore stain

Answer 42

similar to acid fast

Question 43

describe the procedure for structural staining

Answer 43

stain background with india ink or congo red
determine presence of capsules
used for cryptococcus neoformans
used to reveal overall shape and arrangement of mo and other structures

Question 44

flagella stain

Answer 44

leifson stain

Question 45

spore stain

Answer 45

shaeffer fulton endospore stain

Question 46

metachromatic granule stain

Answer 46

stains granules different shades

Question 47

pigmentations

Answer 47

water soluble (Pseudomonas) 
non-water soluble (Serratia)

Question 48

morphology

Answer 48

elevation, form, margin, consistency

Question 49

optical properties

Answer 49

translucent, transparent, opaque

Question 50

turbidity

Answer 50

cloudiness

Question 51

pellicle

Answer 51

surface film

Question 52

sediments- precipitates

Answer 52

dense clumps or clusters of mos