Psicology

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

-is a branch of psychology concerned with how social phenomena influence us, and how people interact with others.
-Behavior is seen as being influenced by external situational factors rather than internal traits or motivations

Question 2

Attribution

Answer 2

-Process of inferring the causes of events or behaviors.
-it can be internal or external
-Part of social psychology

Question 3

External attribution

Answer 3

-is the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation they are in.
- it has three main parts:
1. consistency- does the person usually behave this way in this situation?
2. distinctiveness- does the person behave differently in different situations or is this particular situation distinct?
3. consensus- do others behave similarly in this situation?

If 2 and 3 are yes: the situation is having an effect on their behavior
If 1 is yes: is not dependent on the situation.

Question 4

The psychoanalytic theory says that…

Answer 4

Our childhood experiences and unconscious desires influence behavior.

Question 5

Libido

Answer 5

• natural energy source that fuels the mechanisms of the mind

-when it is stuck or fixated at various stages of psychosexual development, conflicts can occur that have lifelong effects

Question 6

Fixation

Answer 6

at a particular state predicts adult personality

Question 7

Id

Answer 7

-unconscious part of our mind, that makes up most of the mind

-it develops right after birth and demands immediate gratifiction

Question 8

Ego

Answer 8

• part of our conscious and unconscious mind
• involved in our perceptions, thoughts, and judgments
  -it seeks long-term gratification
  -acts as a mediator between the unconscious desires of the Id and the moral demands of the superego

Question 9

Superego

Answer 9

-develops around the age of four
-its our moral compass of conscience

Question 10

Oral stage

Answer 10

Ages: 0-1
Pleasure source: Mouth
Fixation: Smoking, overeating, nail-biting
.

Question 11

Anal stage

Answer 11

Ages: 1-3
Pleasure source: Anus
Fixation: Orderliness, messiness

Question 12

Phallic stage

Answer 12

Ages: 3-6
Pleasure source: genitals
Fixation: sexual dysfunction

Question 13

Latency stage

Answer 13

Ages: 6-12
Pleasure source: None
Fixation: None

Question 14

Genital stage

Answer 14

Ages: 12+
Pleasure source: Genitals
Fixation: Mentally healthy

Question 15

Maslow hierarchy of needs

Answer 15

Maslow said we have needs that need to be fulfilled in a specific order

Question 16

Basic levels

Answer 16

1. Physiological need
   -includes: food, water, breathing, sleep, etc
   - essential needs to survive
2. Safety
   -safety of resources, employment, health, property
   - also basic needs but can only be fulfilled when out physiological needs are fulfilled.

Question 17

Social needs

Answer 17

3. Love
   -Need to love, belong, have friends and family

Question 18

Respect

Answer 18

4. Esteem
   -self-esteem, feel confidence, have a sense of achievement in what we do

Question 19

Full potentials

Answer 19

5. Self actualization
   -need for wanting a sense of morality, acceptance, and creativity

Question 20

Humanistic theory

Answer 20

-individuals have free-will
-we can actively develop ourselves to our highest potential and reach self-actualization

Question 21

Key figure of psychoanalytic theory

Answer 21

Sigmund Freud

Question 22

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 22

-Freud’s theory was deterministic
-His theory says our behavior is determined by our unconscious desires
-It focuses on individuals who have these mental conflicts and not all people

Question 23

Humanism qualities:

Answer 23

-focused on the conscious
- People are inherently good
-We are self-motivated to improve
-We want to improve because we want to reach self-actualization

Question 24

Major theorist of the humanistic theory

Answer 24

-Abraham Maslow
-Carl Rogers

Both say that a central feature of a personality is self-concept.
-this is achieved when we bring genuineness and acceptance together
-as individuals, we tend to act and perceive the word positively
Try it answer: who am I?

Question 25

Abraham Maslow

Answer 25

-formed the hierarchy of needs
-everybody can reach self-actualization

Question 26

Carl Rogers

Answer 26

• used Maslows idea and the qualities he described, and says that they are nurtured early in life.
  -says that self-actualization is a constant growth process

Question 27

Climate conditions to reach self-actualization segun Carl ragers:

Answer 27

1. growth is nurtured by when an individual is being genuine
   - one has to be open and true to who they are
2. Growth is nurtured through acceptance
   -one must receive acceptance and unconditional positive regard from others.

Question 28

Biologic theory

Answer 28

suggest that imp. components of personality are inherited or determined by genes

Question 29

Social potency

Answer 29

degree to which a person assumes leadership and mastery roles in a social situation

Question 30

Traditionalism

Answer 30

Tendency to follow authority

Question 31

Traits with strong genetic components

Answer 31

1. social potency
2. traditionalism

Question 32

Weaker genetic components

Answer 32

1. achievements
2. closeness