Psicology Flashcards
Social psychology
-is a branch of psychology concerned with how social phenomena influence us, and how people interact with others.
-Behavior is seen as being influenced by external situational factors rather than internal traits or motivations
Attribution
-Process of inferring the causes of events or behaviors.
-it can be internal or external
-Part of social psychology
External attribution
-is the inference that a person is behaving a certain way because of something about the situation they are in.
- it has three main parts:
1. consistency- does the person usually behave this way in this situation?
2. distinctiveness- does the person behave differently in different situations or is this particular situation distinct?
3. consensus- do others behave similarly in this situation?
If 2 and 3 are yes: the situation is having an effect on their behavior
If 1 is yes: is not dependent on the situation.
The psychoanalytic theory says that…
Our childhood experiences and unconscious desires influence behavior.
Libido
- natural energy source that fuels the mechanisms of the mind
-when it is stuck or fixated at various stages of psychosexual development, conflicts can occur that have lifelong effects
Fixation
at a particular state predicts adult personality
Id
-unconscious part of our mind, that makes up most of the mind
-it develops right after birth and demands immediate gratifiction
Ego
- part of our conscious and unconscious mind
- involved in our perceptions, thoughts, and judgments
-it seeks long-term gratification
-acts as a mediator between the unconscious desires of the Id and the moral demands of the superego
Superego
-develops around the age of four
-its our moral compass of conscience
Oral stage
Ages: 0-1
Pleasure source: Mouth
Fixation: Smoking, overeating, nail-biting
.
Anal stage
Ages: 1-3
Pleasure source: Anus
Fixation: Orderliness, messiness
Phallic stage
Ages: 3-6
Pleasure source: genitals
Fixation: sexual dysfunction
Latency stage
Ages: 6-12
Pleasure source: None
Fixation: None
Genital stage
Ages: 12+
Pleasure source: Genitals
Fixation: Mentally healthy
Maslow hierarchy of needs
Maslow said we have needs that need to be fulfilled in a specific order
Basic levels
- Physiological need
-includes: food, water, breathing, sleep, etc
- essential needs to survive - Safety
-safety of resources, employment, health, property
- also basic needs but can only be fulfilled when out physiological needs are fulfilled.
Social needs
- Love
-Need to love, belong, have friends and family
Respect
- Esteem
-self-esteem, feel confidence, have a sense of achievement in what we do
Full potentials
- Self actualization
-need for wanting a sense of morality, acceptance, and creativity
Humanistic theory
-individuals have free-will
-we can actively develop ourselves to our highest potential and reach self-actualization
Key figure of psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic theory
-Freud’s theory was deterministic
-His theory says our behavior is determined by our unconscious desires
-It focuses on individuals who have these mental conflicts and not all people
Humanism qualities:
-focused on the conscious
- People are inherently good
-We are self-motivated to improve
-We want to improve because we want to reach self-actualization
Major theorist of the humanistic theory
-Abraham Maslow
-Carl Rogers
Both say that a central feature of a personality is self-concept.
-this is achieved when we bring genuineness and acceptance together
-as individuals, we tend to act and perceive the word positively
Try it answer: who am I?
Abraham Maslow
-formed the hierarchy of needs
-everybody can reach self-actualization
Carl Rogers
- used Maslows idea and the qualities he described, and says that they are nurtured early in life.
-says that self-actualization is a constant growth process
Climate conditions to reach self-actualization segun Carl ragers:
- growth is nurtured by when an individual is being genuine
- one has to be open and true to who they are - Growth is nurtured through acceptance
-one must receive acceptance and unconditional positive regard from others.
Biologic theory
suggest that imp. components of personality are inherited or determined by genes
Social potency
degree to which a person assumes leadership and mastery roles in a social situation
Traditionalism
Tendency to follow authority
Traits with strong genetic components
- social potency
- traditionalism
Weaker genetic components
- achievements
- closeness
