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Microbiology > Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting Misc. > Flashcards

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting Misc. Flashcards

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1
Q

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting and Misc. Gram-negative bacilli

A
  • may or may not grow on MacConkey
  • don’t ferment sugars
  • some oxidize saccharolytic sugars
  • oxidase positive
  • TSI slants K/K (nonfermenters)
  • use O/F media
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2
Q

Nonfermenting means it doesn’t ferment _______

A

glucose

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3
Q

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting (source)

A
  • found in environment (soil, water, plants)
  • lots of nosocomial infections
  • prefer moist environments (nebulizers, catheters, etc.)
  • rarely part of normal flora
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4
Q

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting (treatments)

A
  • can withstand chlorohexidine and ammonium cleaning products
  • resistant to multiple antibiotics
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5
Q

Pseudomonas and Nonfermenting (clinical infections)

A 
**usually in hospitalized patients**
septicemia
meningitis
osteomyelitis
wound infections
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6
Q

Three clinically important bacteria of group

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Acinetobacter species
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

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7
Q
  • fluorescent group
  • grape-like odor, blue-green hue, beta-hemolytic
  • oxidase + and catalase +
  • oxidizes carbohydrates
A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (virulence factors)

A
  • Endotoxin in LPS, exotoxins (Exotoxin A)
  • motile, pili, capsule
  • proteases, hemolysin, lecithinase, elastase, DNase, alginate
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9
Q

Exotoxin A

A

similar to diphtheria toxin - blocks proteins synthesis

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10
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (clinical infections)

A
  • wound infections and burns
  • pulmonary infections, pneumonia (CF patients)
  • nosocomial UTI’s and bacteremia
  • endocarditis, Keratitis
  • Hot tub syndrome
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11
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (general characteristics)

A
  • beta-hemolytic on SBA
  • produces pyoverdin (fluorescence) and pyocyanin (green hue)
  • Arginine dihydrolase (ADH) +, citrate +
  • grows at 42C
  • acetamide utilization
  • very drug resistant
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12
Q

Drugs to use on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

aminoglycosides work best; drug combo for severe infections

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13
Q

P. fluorescens and P. putida

A

part of fluorescent group (pyoverdin); low virulence (UTI’s, wounds); doesn’t grow at 42C

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14
Q

P. stutzeri, P. mendocina, P. pseudoalcaligenes, P. alcaligenes, P. luteola, P. oryzihabitans

A

Nonfluorescent group (Pseudomonas)

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15
Q

P. stutzeri

A 
wrinkled colonies, light yellow or brown
arginine dihydrolase (ADH) -, starch hydrolysis +
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16
Q

Acinetobacter (source)

A

sometimes normal flora
environment (soil, water)
hospitals (ventilators, humidifiers)

17
Q 
strict aerobe, glucose oxidizer
gram-negative coccobacilli
oxidase - and catalase -
non-motile, smooth, non-hemolytic, NLF, purple (on Mac)
resistant to antibiotics
A

Acinetobacter baumanii

18
Q

Acinetobacter baumanii (clinical infections)

A

UTI’s, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, wounds, burns, eye infections

19
Q

A. lwoffii

A

less virulent
glucose negative
non-hemolytic
more susceptible to antibiotics

20
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sources)

A

environment (soil, water)

hospitals (blood drawing equipment, disinfectants, etc.)

21
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (clinical infections/treatment)

A

pneumonia, endocarditis, bacteremia

SXT (sulfa drugs) is drug of choice

22
Q
  • rough colonies, lavender-green, ammonia odor (SBA)
  • NLF on Mac
  • catalase + and oxidase -
  • DNase +, Esculin +, Lysine decarboxylase (LDC) +, Gelatin hydrolysis
A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

23
Q
  • nosocomial pathogen (pneumonia in CF patients)

- wound infections from contaminated water

A

Burkholderia cepacia

24
Q
  • oxidase variable (weak, slow positive)
  • motile, ONPG positive, LDC +, ODC -, ADH -
  • utilizes lactose, maltose, glucose and mannitol
  • yellow or green on SBA, non-wrinkled
  • selective agars: OFPBL, BCSA
  • multi-drug resistant
A

B. cepacia

25
Q

Burkholderia gladioli

A

plant pathogen

26
Q

Burkholderia mallei

A
  • causes Glander’s disease (horses)
  • pulmonary infections
  • potential bioterrorism agent
27
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei (source)

A

commonly presents as pneumonia; found in soil and water (SE Asia)

28
Q

wrinkled colonies; utilizes lactose; “earthy” odor

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

29
Q

Moraxella, Oligella, and Psychrobacter

A
  • normal flora
  • no carbohydrate utilization
  • strict aerobes
30
Q

Moraxella

A
  • oxidase +, non-motile

- rarely cause disease (except M. catarrhalis)

31
Q

Oligella

A

most often isolated from urinary tract

32
Q

Psychrobacter

A

non-motile, oxidase +, optimal temp 20C

33
Q

Alcaligenes and Achromobacter

A

found in water; isolated from hospitalized patients

34
Q

Brevundimonas, Chromobacterium violaceum, Comamonas and Delftia

A

opportunists

35
Q

Flavobacteriaceae

A
  • long thin bacteria
  • hospital contaminants
  • non-motile, DNase +, oxidase +, Gelatin hydrolysis +, indole +
  • i.e., Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
36
Q

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

A
  • DOESN’T GROW ON MAC

- meningitis and septicemia in newborns

37
Q

Methylobacterium

A
  • associated with contaminated tap water

- causes bacteremia, peritonitis, synovitis, skin ulcers

38
Q

Shewanella

A
  • smooth, brown/tan colonies on SBA, grows on Mac

- motile (polar flagella), oxidase +, H2S + on TSI

Microbiology (26 decks)

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