Chlamydia and Rickettsia Flashcards
1
Q
Chlamydiae
A
- obligate intracellular parasites
- C. trachomatis is primary pathogen
- Elementary body (EB)
- Reticulate body (RB)
2
Q
Elementary body (EB)
A
- infectious phase
- major outer membrane protein (MOMP)
- detected by monoclonal antibodies
3
Q
Reticulate body (RB)
A
- noninfectious phase
- replicative phase
4
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis (infections)
A
- urogenital
- most common bacterial STI in US
- Male: Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), Prostatitis, Epididymitis
- Female: cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, PID, Perihepatitis
- Neonatal: conjunctivitis, nasopharyngeal infection, pneumonia, otitis media
- Reiter syndrome
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Trachoma
5
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis infections in males
A
- Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), Prostatitis, Epididymitis
- urethral discharge, dysuria, hemospermia, conjunctivitis
- usually asymptomatic
6
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis infections in females
A
- Cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, PID, perihepatitis, conjunctivitis
- vaginal discharge, dysuria, pain bleeding
- usually asymptomatic
- infertility and sterility
7
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis infections in neonates
A
- conjunctivitis, nasopharyngeal infection, pneumonia
- otitis media (less common)
- erythromycin eyedrops at birth to take care of infections
8
Q
Reiter Syndrome
A
- caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
- urethritis, conjunctivitis, polyarthritis and mucocutanous lesions
9
Q
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (L1, L2, L2a, L2b, L3)
A
- caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
- rapidly-healing genital or anal papule at inoculation site
- buboes, fever, headache, myalgia
- women often asymptomatic
- presents as proctitis (from anal intercourse)
- may become chronic
- survive in mononuclear cells
10
Q
Trachoma (A, B, Ba, C)
A
- caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
- chronic eye inflammation
- may lead to blindness (not neonatal)
- # 1 CAUSE OF PREVENTABLE BLINDNESS WORLDWIDE
11
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis (virulence)
A
- MOMP (17 serovars)
- survive in macrophages
- cause recurrent/persistent infections
12
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis (transmission)
A
- sexual contact
- autoinoculation
- vaginal delivery
13
Q
Chlamydia trachomatis (detection/testing)
A
- specimen on Dacron, rayon or calcium alginate swabs with plastic or metal shafts
- need scraping specimen
- first morning urine and vaginal swabs
- antigen detection (ELISA, DFA)
- McCoy culture
- DNA probes
14
Q
Results reporting
A
- agree with OB/GYN test profiles
- report tests performed and tests not performed
- report unusual observations
15
Q
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
A
- formerly Chlamydia TWAR
- 10% of world’s pneumonia
- risk factor for Guillain-Barre
- related to sarcoidosis, asthma and cardiovascular disease
- endotoxin (LPS)
- Life cycle: EB and RB
- survive in macrophages or epithelial cells
- causes recurrent or persistent infections
- transmission via respiratory droplets
16
Q
Chlamydia life cycle
A
- Elementary bodies (EB) enter host cell and become reticulate bodies (RB)
- host cell ruptures to produce new EB’s
17
Q
C. pneumoniae (infection)
A
- Phase 1: sore throat, flulike after 1 week
- Phase 2: pneumonia and bronchitis
18
Q
C. pneumoniae (lab diagnosis)
A
- specimens: sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, nasopharyngeal aspirates, throat washings or swabs
- serology tests (MIF)
19
Q
Chlamydophila psittaci
A
- bird chlamydia
- parakeets, turkey
- PARROT FEVER (psittacosis)
- pneumonia in humans
- survive in macrophages or epithelial cells
- bird-to-bird transmission
20
Q
Rickettsiae and Orienta
A
- obligate intracellular bacteria (endothelial cells)
- transmission via ticks
- R. prowazekii transmitted by body lice
21
Q
R. rickettsii
A
- ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
- transmitted via D. variabilis and D. andersoni ticks
- flulike symptoms
- rash spread over ankles, wrists, hands and soles of feet
- NO RASH ON THE FACE
22
Q
Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse Fever)
A
- ticks and dogs
- rash over palms, soles of feet, body and ON THE FACE
- taches noires (black spots at primary site of infection)
23
Q
R. typhi
A
- endemic typhus (murine typhus)
- oriental rat flea, cat flea
- infection when flea defecates on skin and scratching infects the bite
24
Q
R. prowazekii
A
- epidemic louse-borne typhus
- known as BRILL-ZINSSER DISEASE
- Human louse (Pediculus humanus)
- Squirrel flea (Orchopeas howardii)
- Squirrel louse (Neohaematopinus sciuriopteri)
- areas of sanitation disruption
- defecates in bite wound via scratching
- rash over the body and FACE
25
Q
R. akari
A
- mouse mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus)
- rash on face, trunk and extremities, but NOT ON PALMS OR SOLES
26
Q
Orientia tsutsugamushi
A
- scrub typhus
- chigger (Leptotrombidium deliensis)
- reservoir: rat
- tache noire at site of infection
- rash not on palms, soles of feet or the face
27
Q
Anaplasmataceae
A
Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Neorickettsia
28
Q
Ehrlichia
A
- dogs infected with brown dog ticks
- rickettsial-like inclusions IN MONOCYTES
- Human ehrlichiosis: many asymptomatic
29
Q
Ehrlichia chaffeensis
A
- Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)
- E. ewingii produces indistinguishable disease
- Lone star tick (A. americanum)
30
Q
HME
A
- many are asymptomatic
- can have leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
- elevated liver enzymes
- severe complications possible
- serology (IFA)
31
Q
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
A
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum
- similar to HME
- Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus
- deer, rodents, horses, cattle, humans
32
Q
Coxiella burnetii
A
- Q FEVER (Query fever)
- potential bioterror agent
- goats, cattle, sheep
- influenza-like illness
- serology (DFA, EIA)
