Pseudomonas and Burkholderia Flashcards
Pseudomonas Characteristics
Obligate aerobic
Motile rods (flagella)
Most saprophytic
Mainly in water
P. Aeruginosa Characteristics
Facultative symbiotic Facultative pathogenic (usually secondary)
P. Aeruginosa - Found in
Soil
Water
On Plants
P. Aeruginosa - Growth Characteristics
Easy grower
Large colonies
Sweet odor
Blue-green pigment
P. Aeruginosa is Oxidase
Positive
P. Aeruginosa is Lactose
Negative
P. Aeruginosa - Infections
Evironmental origin
High natural resistance
Can adapt to humid hospital environments (tubes)
P. Aeruginosa - Virulence Factors
Adhesion (fimbriae) LPS Endotoxin Exotoxin Biofilm Capsule Iron acquisition
P. Aeruginosa - Affects
Cold blooded animals
Secondary infections in mammals and birds
P. Aeruginosa - Predisposing Factors
Drinking water
Humidity
Reduced immunity
P. Aeruginosa in Cats and Dogs
Skin infections
Cystitis
Otitis externa
Purulent process - blue green pus
P. Aeruginosa in Rodents
Pneumonia
Septicemia
High mortality
P. Aeruginosa in Rabbits
Skin infection - moist dermatitis
Sporadic pneumonia
P. Aeruginosa in Horses
Metritis-vaginitis
Keratitis conjunctivitis - secondary infection
P. Aeruginosa Causes Mastitis in
Bovine, sheep, goat
P. Aeruginosa Mastitis
Acute with High Mortality
Origin - environment, teat injector
P. Aeruginosa in Reptiles
Necrotic stomatitis
Pneumonia
Septicemia
Secondary to poor housing
P. Aeruginosa - psittaciformes in Parrots/Parrakeets
Secondary infection conjunctivitis Rhinitis Pneumonia Airsacculitis Enteritis
P. Aeruginosa - Galliformes
Water supply
Oviduct of turkeys
Contamination of eggs
P. Aeruginosa - Treatment
Take away cause of infection
Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, polymixin
Most animals die
Pseudomonas spp.
Cold blooded animals (reptiles, fish)
Skin ulcus/septicemia
Burkholderia Characteristics
Aerobic
Rods
Catalase positive
B. Mallei: Glanders
BSL3 agent Zoonotic Equine pathogen Must be reported Mainly in Asia and S. American
B. Mallei: Glanders - Symptoms
Nodules and ulcers, pyogranulomatous
Orchitis
Skin, resp tract
Variability in severity
Glanders - Virulence
Capsule
LPS
Glanders - Transmission
Ingestion - feed, water
Inhalation
Wounds
Glanders - Pathogenesis
Chronic, debilitating
pharynx/skin –> lymph and blood –> Lesions in nodes, lung, liver, spleen, nose, skin
Glanders - Supparative Lesions
Nodular - neutrophils, fibrin, RBCs
Granulomatous - Necrotic, giant cells
Glanders - Active Infection
Fever
Nasal discharge
Lymphandenitis
Frequently fatal
Glanders - Chronic Infection
Fever and resp problems
Skin abscesses
Glanders - Diagnosis
CFT - main
ELISA, HAI
B. Pseudomallei - Malioidosis
Pyogranulomatous infection
Reportable
BSL3
Zoonotic
Malioidosis - Real Saprophyte
Water rich environments
Infections after flooding/heavy rain
Swamps
Malioidosis has endosymbiont with
Amoeba (reservoir)
Malioidosis - Host
Wide range - large dissemination
Mammals - sheep, goat mainly
Rodents
Malioidosis - Transmission
Ingestion
Wound infection
Airborne
Arthropod bites
Malioidosis - Virulence
Adhesins - flagella
Capsule
T3SS and T4SS
Malioidosis - in Dogs
Febrile diseases w/ localizing suppurative foci
Malioidosis - in Equine
Mimics glanders - pseudoglanders
Malioidosis - in Cattle
Acute to chronic
lungs, joints and uterus
Malioidosis - in Sheep
Arthritis and lymphadenitis
Malioidosis - in Goat
Loss of condition, respiratory and CNS disturbances
arthritis
mastitis
Malioidosis - in Swine
Loss of condition, resp and CNS disturbances Arthritis Mastitis Abortion Diarrhea