Pseudomonas Flashcards
T/F: Pseudomonas can be found mainly in waters
True
How is P. aeruginosa able to cause secondary infection?
Facultative pathogenic
What are some general features of P. aeruginosa ?
Facultative symbiotic Easy grower Large colonies Typical candy sweet odor Blue-green pigmentation Oxidase positive Lactose Negative
What are the environmental origins of P. aeruginosa infections?
High natural resistance
Can adapt to humid hospital environments
What are the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa?
Adhesion LPS Exotoxins Biofilm Capsule Iron acquisition
What kind of animals do P. aeruginosa affect?
Cold blood animals
Where are the predisposing factors of P. aeruginosa
High infection pressure
Humidity
Reduced immunity
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in cats and dogs?
Pyoderma Cystitis Otitis externa Purulent processes Corneal ulcers
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in hamster, guinea pig, chinchilla, mink?
Pneumonia
Septicaemiae
High mortality
What is the origin of P. aeruginosa in hamster, guinea pig, chinchilla, mink?
Mainly drinking water
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in rabbit?
Skin infection = dermatitis
Pneumonia
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in Horses?
Metritis-vaginitis Keratitis conjunctivitis (secondary infection)
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in bovine, sheep, and goat?
Mastitis
Fleece rot
Acute with high mortality
Persistence in udder, even after Tx
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in reptiles?
Necrotic stomatitis
Pneumonia
Septicaemiae
Secondary to poor housing
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in parrots and parakeets (psittaciformes)?
Secondary infection mainly from drinking water Conjunctivitis Rhinitis Pneumonia Enteritis
What are the CS of P. aeruginosa in Galliformes?
In oviduct of turkeys
Contamination of eggs
Complication of viral infection
What is the number one way to Tx Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Take away cause of infection
What are some characteristics of Burkholderia?
Gram negative
Aerobic
Rods
Catalase positive
What are two species of Burkholderia?
B. mallei
B. pseudomallei
What are the CS of B. mallei?
Glanders via BSL3 agent Nodules and ulcers, pyogranulomatous Orchitis Skin Respiratory tract Great variability in severity
B. mallei is a pathogen is primarily in what species?
Equine
T/F: B. mallei is a reportable disease
True
How is B. mallei transmitted?
Ingestion of feed and water
Inhalation
Wounds
What are the acute symptoms of a B. mallei glanders infection?
Fever
Nasal discharge
Lymphadenitis
Frequently fatal
What are the chronic symptoms a B. mallei glanders infection?
Should not see
Fever and respiratory problems
Skin abscesses
T/F: B. mallei is zoonotic
True
What is the pathogenesis of B. mallei?
Entry -> Spread via Lymph/blood -> Nodular lesions in lymph nodes, lung, liver, spleen
What is the official test to Dx B. mallei?
Horses CFT, but can create sometimes false positives
T/F: There are vaccinations available for B. mallei
False, no vaccine available
What kind of infection does B. pseudomallei cause?
Melioidosis (pyogranulomatous infection)
How is B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis transmitted?
Ingestion, wound infection, airborne, arthropod bites
What are the virulence factors of B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis?
Adhesins-flagella
Capsule
T3SS and T4SS
What are the CS of B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis infection in dogs?
Febrile diseases with localizing suppurative foci
Important in military dogs
What are the CS of B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis infection in equine?
Mimics glanders = pseudoglanders
What are the CS of B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis infection in Cattle?
Acute to chronic
Lungs, joints and uterus
What are the CS of B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis infection in Sheep?
Arthritis and lymphadenitis
What are the CS of B. pseudomallei, Melioidosis infection in goat?
Loss of condition Respiratory and CNS disturbances Arthritis Mastitis Abortion and diarrhea
T/F: Francisella tularensis is not a reportable disease
False, it is reportable and highly contagious (Zoonotic)
What are some important characteristics of F. tularensis?
Gram negative
Obligate aerobic
Facultative intracellular
Very fastidious growth
What are the reservoirs for F. tularensis?
Infected lagomorphs
Rodents
Amoeba
How is F. tularensis transmitted?
Ticks, mosquito’s, flies
Contaminated waters
Ingestion of infected pray
What are the subspecies of F. tularensis?
Mediasiatica
Holartica
Tularensis
(Novicida)
What is the clinical presentation of F. tularensis?
Rare, CS rarely seen
Mainly liver, spleen, lungs affected
How does Taylorella equigenitalis affect male and female horses?
Male:
No symptoms and no immunity
Female:
Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)
Immunity
What are the CS of CEM in females with T. equigenitalis?
Acute suppurative Self limiting Temporary sterility Highly contagious Become asymptomatic carriers Immunity
T/F: T. equigenitalis has environmental resistance
True, but it is poor; max 2 days in fridge
What is the epidemiology T. equigenitalis?
Exclusively in equine genital tract
Control by regular sampling of breeding stallions
STD
What is the pathogenesis of T. equigenitalis in mares?
Spontaneous healing
Temporary infertility
Few abortions
May cause infection of newborns
Where do you sample in stallions for T. equigenitalis?
Preputium
Urethra
Fossa glandis and Sinus urethralis
Where do you sample in mares for T. equigenitalis?
Fossa clitoridis
Sinus clitoridis
How would T. equigenitalis be prevented?
Elimination of positive animals from breeding
Vaccination
What is the Tx plan for T. equigenitalis?
Treat uterine infection with intrauterine and systemic application of antibiotics
