Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bact Exam 2 > Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Where do Enterobacteriaceae reside?

A

In GI tract of humans and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 4 benefits of Enterobacteriaceae

A
  1. Microbial antagonism
  2. Breakdown and absorption of food
  3. Waste processing
  4. Vit. K production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 4 characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae

A
  1. Gram negative
  2. Facultative anaerobic
  3. Rods or coccobacilli
  4. Oxidase negative (except Plesiomonas and shigelloids)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: Enterobacteriaceae are coliform bacteria

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is performed to evaluate fecal/sewage contamination?

A

Coliform enumeration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 3 characteristics of Escherichia coli

A

Lactose positive
Oxidase negative
Motile rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the complete antigenic formula of an E. coli called?

A

Serotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the following serotypes stand for?

O, H, F, K

A 
O= O antigen 
H= Flagella 
F= Fimbriae 
K= Capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: The pathogenicity of E. Coli is strain dependent

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What two groups of infectious strains can E. coli have?

A
  1. Intestinal pathogenic strains (Enteric)

2. Extra-intestinal pathogenic strains (ExPEC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of infections can ExPEC strains of E. coli cause?

A

Respiratory
Septicemia
UTI
Mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 4 cell associated virulence factors of E. coli?

A
  1. Endotoxin
  2. Capsule
  3. Fimbrial adhesions
  4. Non-fimbrial adhesions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 types of extracellular virulence factors E. coli can have?

A
  1. Enterotoxins
  2. Cytotoxins
  3. Siderophores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 5 enteric pathotypes of E. coli?

A
  1. ETEC (Enterotoxigenic)
  2. EHEC (Enterohemorrhagic)
  3. VTEC/STEC (Verotoxigenic/shiga-like toxic)
  4. EPEC (Enterpathogenic)
  5. RPEC (Rabbit pathogentic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 4 extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli?

A
  1. APEC (avian pathogenic)
  2. Necrotoxigenic (NTEC) in cattle
  3. Mastitis causing E. coli in cattle
  4. MMA in pigs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 5 important E. coli in pigs?

A 
ETEC
VTEC
EPEC
UTI
MMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 6 important E. coli in bovine?

A 
ETEC
EHEC
VTEC
EPEC
Mastitis 
Septicaemiae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an important E. Coli strain in dogs and cats?

A

UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an important E. coli strain in birds?

A

APEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an important E. coli strain in rabbits?

A

RPEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are 4 problems E. coli causes in pigs?

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Oedema disease
  3. UTI
  4. MMA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does ETEC cause in pigs?

A

Watery diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who does ETEC affect in pigs?

A

Neonatal, 2-4 weeks, weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two virulence factors involved with in ETEC in pigs?

A
  1. Adhesion factors (small Intestine)

2. Enterotoxins (plasmids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 5 adhesion factors involved with ETEC in pigs?

A 
F4
F5
F6
F41
F18
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 4 enterotoxins involved with ETEC in pigs?

A
  1. LT (heat labile)
  2. STa (heat stable)
  3. STb (heat stable)
  4. EAST1 (heat stable)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the Neonatal virulence factors of ETEC in pigs?

A

F4, F5, F6, F41
STa, STb
Non-hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the Neonatal till 4 weeks virulence factors of ETEC in pigs?

A

F4
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the weaning diarrhea virulence factors of ETEC in pigs?

A

F4, F18
LT, STa, STb, EAST1
Hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

T/F: In regards to the epidemiology of ETEC in pigs, there is an equilibrium between maternal immunity and infection pressure

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What distortion in equilibrium causes piglet diarrhea from ETEC?

A

Too high bacterial challenge and/or too low immunity (mainly maternal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are 4 pathogenesis factors of ETEC in pigs?

A

Ascending from lower bowel
Oral uptake
Small Intestine
Colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the symptoms seen with ETEC in pigs?

A

Remain drinking
Very smelly feces
Dehydration
White grey, not as watery diarrhea in older animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How would ETEC in pigs be diagnosed?

A

Agglutination tests

PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What would be the treatment for ETEC in pigs?

A

Hydration

Antimicrobials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What would be the preventative measures form ETEC in pigs?

A

Hygiene
Vaccinate sows
Vaccinate piglets (for F4)
Selection for reception free piglets (F4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does VTEC in pigs cause?

A

Oedema disease post weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does a mixed ETEC and VTEC disease in pigs cause?

A

Oedema disease and diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of VTEC in pigs?

A

Adhesion (small bowel F18)
Exotoxin (VT2e or Stx2e: media necrosis)
Endotoxin (acute mortality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How is VTEC passed in pigs?

A

Sow to piglet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are some reasons VTEC shows up at weaning in piglets?

A

Stress
Change in intestinal flora
Maternal immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does hyper-acute toxin production of VTEC cause in pigs?

A

Enterorrhagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does acute toxin production of VTEC in pigs cause?

A

Permeability blood vessels odema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What does a slower toxin production of VTEC in pigs cause?

A

Intravascular coagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What does endotoxin release of VTEC in pigs cause?

A

Shock and acute mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

When do symptoms start being seen in pigs with VTEC?

A

3 weeks after weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the clinical signs of VTEC in pigs?

A

Acute mortality
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is seen with oedema?

A

Hoarse voice
CNS signs
Dyspnoea
Eye lids swollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What would you do to diagnose VTEC in pigs?

A

CS
Pathological findings
Bacteriology
PCR (demonstration of virulence factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How would you treat affected pigs with VTEC?

A

Fasting to eliminate toxin

Antimicrobial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How would you treat pigs not yet affected with VTEC?

A

Antimicrobial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

T/F: Antimicrobial therapy will kill the bacteria and effective toxin

A

False; will not kill effective toxin therefore will still see symptoms after treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What are some preventative measures against VTEC in pigs?

A

Reduce stress
Organic acids
Zinc oxide
Selection form receptor F18 negative animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

T/F: EPEC in pigs is a common disease

A

False, more rare and little known about its general role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What age does EPEC in pigs effect?

A

Weaning piglets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What are the CS of EPEC in pigs?

A

Diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How would a diagnosis be accomplished for EPEC in pigs?

A

Isolation and PCR of eae gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What are the 3 pathogenic intestinal E. coli in piglets?

A

ETEC
VTEC
EPEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are the virulence factors of EPEC in pigs?

A

Attaching and effacing
Eae gene
T3SS (needle) and injection of effector proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is the most important pathogen of UTI in pigs?

A

UTI (DD actinobaculum suis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are the predisposing factors for UTI in pigs?

A 
Hygiene 
Water intake 
Obstipation (severe constipation)
Age 
Individual differences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What are the CS of UTI in pigs?

A

Anorexia
Hematuria
Vaginal exudate
General malaise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

How would a diagnosis be made for UTI in pigs?

A

Bacteriolgy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the treatment and prevention plan with UTI in pigs?

A

Culling (fertility problems)

Antibiotics about 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is MMA or PPDS in pigs?

A

Metritis-mastitis-agalactiae

Post partum dysgalactiae syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

When does MMA affect pigs?

A

About 48 hours after farrowing (parturition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the etiology of MMA in pigs?

A

Hereditary
Hormonal
Feed
Infectious agents (E. coli mainly, might find others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What kind of infection does septicaemiae cause in pigs?

A

Secondary infection to enteric infection

Primarily rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What are the E. coli disease in bovine?

A

ETEC
EPEC and EHEC
Septicaemic (NTEC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What are the symptoms of ETEC in bovine?

A

Watery diarrhea leads to dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What age group does ETEC affect in bovine?

A

Animals less than 3 days old, Neonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What are the virulence factors of ETEC in bovine?

A

Fimbriae

Toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What are the Fimbriae virulence factors of ETEC in pigs?

A

F5 (most common)
F41 (frequently together with F5)
F17
CS31A (related to F4/diarrhea in older animals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What are the toxins for ETEC in bovine?

A

Sta and Stb (heat stable toxins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What is the pathogenesis of ETEC in pigs?

A

Oral uptake
Multiplication
Enterotoxin production
Secondary septicaemiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

T/F: There is an equilibrium between immunity and infection pressure of ETEC in bovine

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

How does colostrum and infection play a role in ETEC of bovine?

A

If colostrum is given too late, or there is too little or too low (in antibodies)

If infection occurs too early or it is it too high of infection pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

How is ETEC in bovine diagnosed?

A

ELISA

Culture and virulence factors (agglutination and PCR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What is the therapy plan for ETEC in bovine for sick animals?

A

Separate ill animals
Hydration
Antibiotics
NSAID (shock)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What is the treatment plan for milking farms affected by ETEC for bovine?

A

Hygiene (separate calves from mothers)
Colostrum
Antibiotics 4-5 days orally
Vaccination of dams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

T/F: EHEC in bovine is zoonotic

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What age group does EHEC and EPEC of bovine affect?

A

1-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What are the CS of EHEC and EPEC in bovine?

A

Mucoid diarrhea +/- blood

Mainly in large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What is there therapy plan for Tx of EHEC and EPEC in bovine?

A

Ab’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What are the virulence factors for EHEC and EPEC in bovine?

A

EPEC = eae

EHEC = eae + VT (VT1 and VT2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

What are the CS of mastitis in bovine?

A

Udder swelling, redness, and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What is the prevention and Tx plan for mastitis in bovine?

A

Hygiene

Systemic antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

T/F: Mastitis of bovine has known virulence factors

A

False, no know virulence factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

What kind of pathogen is septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

Facultative pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

What are the virulence factors of septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

Serum resistance
Iron uptake systems
Endotoxin, capsule
Adhesion factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

What are the adhesion factors of septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A 
P
F17
CS31A
AfaE-VIII
CNF1, CNF2 toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

What are the two ways of uptake for septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

Per os

Umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What is the PO route of septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

PO -> Lymph tissue -> septicaemiae colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

What is the umbilical chord route of septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

Umbilical chord -> septicaemiae colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

What are the hyperacute signs of septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

Acute mortality

Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

What are the acute CS of septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

General symptoms

Fast Mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

What are the CS of a slower septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A 
Association with organ localization 
Poly-arthritis 
Pneumonia 
Pleuritis 
Me I go-encephalitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

How would septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine be diagnosed?

A

Clinical signs

Isolation + PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

What is the therapy plan for septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine?

A

NSAID (shock)
AB’s
Gamma globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

How would septicaemiae (NTEC) in bovine be prevented?

A

Colostrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Which strains are associated with enteric disease in cats and dogs?

A

ETEC
EPEC
VTEC
EIEC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

What is the virulence factors of enteric disease in dogs and cats?

A

CNF1 E. coli in pups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

What are the CS of enteric disease in dogs and cats?

A

Can be diarrhetic or clinically healthy

104
Q

How would enteric disease in dogs and cats be diagnosed?

A

Isolation of feces

105
Q

T/F: cystitis and pyometra affect dogs and cats equally

A

False, seldom in cats due to high osmolarity of using being antibacterial) and frequently in dogs

106
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of bladder

107
Q

What is pyometra?

A

Uterine infection

108
Q

What are the fimbria virulence factors of cystitis and pyometra in dogs?

A 
Type one 
F12
F13
Specific (O2, O4, O6, O83)
50% α-hemolytic
109
Q

What is the most important E. coli disease in broilers and layers?

A

APEC

110
Q

What kind of pathogen is APEC in poultry and other birds?

A

Facultative pathogen

111
Q

What are the most frequent serotypes of APEC in poultry and other birds?

A

O1, O2, O78

112
Q

What are the clinical signs of APEC in poultry and other birds?

A

Neonatal colibacillosis
Respiratory colibacillosis and septicaemiae
Peritonitis (layers)
Scabbyy hip/necrotic dermatitis (broilers)
Coli granuloma
Otitis media
Chronic respiratory colibacillosis + arthritis

113
Q

What are three routes of the pathogenesis of neonatal colibacillosis?

A

Contamination of egg
Neonatal contamination
Manipulation of chicks

114
Q

What will neonatal colibacillosis lead to?

A

Yolk rest infection (omphalitis)

115
Q

What is the pathogenesis of peritonitis in layers?

A

Endogenic infection
Start of lay
Chronic form in older animals

116
Q

What is the pathogenesis of respiratory colibacillosis?

A

Excretion via feces -> increase in infection pressure (E. coli in dust) -> infection

OR

Damage to resp. epithelium via dust, viral infection, vaccination, or NH3 -> infection

117
Q

How would APEC in poultry and other birds be Dx?

A

Pathological lesions

Isolation of E. coli from different internal organs (liver, spleen, lung)

118
Q

How would APEC in poultry and other birds be Tx?

A

Very difficult

Ab’s: susceptible tests needed

119
Q

What are the preventative measures for APEC in poultry and other birds?

A

Hygiene
Stress management
Temperature monitoring
Vaccine

120
Q

What serotypes cause scabby hip/necrotic dermatitis in broilers?

A

E. coli O78 and O2

121
Q

How wold scabby hip be Dx?

A

Very difficult to Dx, use feathers

122
Q

When is scabby hip usually seen in broilers?

A

Found at slaughter

123
Q

How can scabby hip be prevented in broilers?

A

Lower density of animals

124
Q

What is the E. coli disease in rabbits?

A

RPEC/EPEC

125
Q

What is the virulence factor of RPEC/EPEC in rabbits?

A

Eae

126
Q

How would RPEC/EPEC in rabbits be Dx?

A

Clinical symptoms

Isolation of subtypes (needed); need to ID specific serotypes/biotypes

127
Q

How would RPEC be treated in rabbits?

A

Ab’s

128
Q

T/F: Salmonella enterica is the only strand to affect warm blooded animals

A

True

129
Q

What are the different serotypes of Salmonella enterica?

A

O1, O2, Vi, Ha, Hb, H1, H2

130
Q

What is the general virulence of Salmonella?

A

Host specific serotypes
Host adapted/restricted serotypes
Non host specific serotypes

131
Q

Salmonella are resistant in the environment, especially when it what two environments?

A

When protected by organic material (feces) or in a dry environment (dust, feed)

132
Q

What are the zoonotic aspects of Salmonella?

A

Zoonotic = Non host specific and some host adapted/restricted

Not Zoonotic = Host specific and some host adapted/restricted

133
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Salmonella?

A

Facultative intracellular

134
Q

What determines the pathogenesis of Salmonella?

A

Whether it is host adapted (typhoid) + host restricted or non host adapted

135
Q

What are the two pathways for uptake of Salmonella?

A

Systemic phase: SPI2

Intestinal phase: SPI1

136
Q

What are the two important Salmonella bovine serotypes?

A

S. typhimurium and S. dublin

137
Q

What are the clinical signs of S. typhimurium?

A

Diarrhea + General symptoms

Tissue localization

138
Q

What are the clinical signs of S. dublin in calf?

A

Diarrhea + general symptoms

Tissue localization

139
Q

What are the clinical signs of S. dublin in adult cattle?

A

Diarrhea + general symtoms
Organ dependent symptoms (abortion, mastitis)
Carriers (host specific, host adapted, non host specific)

140
Q

How would salmonella be Dx in live bovine?

A 
Fecal material 
Milk
Respiratory: BAL
Arthritis: puncture 
Abortion: fetus, placenta, vagina
141
Q

How would salmonella be Dx in dead bovine?

A

Ileum

different organs

142
Q

What would be the Tx plan for salmonella in bovine?

A

Isolate sick animals
Fluid therapy
Antimicrobials
NSAID

143
Q

What are the two important salmonella serotypes in pigs?

A

S. typhimurium (zoonotic and non typhoid)

S. choleraesuis (typhoid)

144
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of non typhoid salmonella in pigs?

A

CS in animals >50kg
Diarrhea + general symptoms
Slow spread

145
Q

What are the hyperacute CS of non typhoid salmonella in pigs?

A

Usually in >70-80 kg

Acute mortality

146
Q

What are the acute CS in non typhoid salmonella in pigs?

A

Cyanosis

147
Q

What are the chronic CS signs of non typhoid salmonella in pigs?

A

Non specific, lesser growth

148
Q

What are the CS of S. choleraesuis in pigs?

A

Typhoid

fever, rash, pain

149
Q

How would salmonella be Dx in pigs?

A

Bacteriological culture
ELISA (Ag)
ELISA (Ab) but difficult

150
Q

What would be he Tx plan pigs with salmonella?

A

Antimicrobials

Eventually general support such as NSIADs

151
Q

What is the prevention plan for pigs with salmonella?

A

Management: AI-AO, clearing and disinfection
Organic acids
Feed composition
Vaccination

152
Q

What is the salmonella serotype found in equine?

A

S. abortus equi (rare and host specific)

153
Q

What does the pathogenesis of S. abortus equi depend on?

A

Uptake

154
Q

What are the two uptake routs of S. abortus equi?

A

Per os and Venereal

155
Q

What is the Tx plan for horses with S. abortus equi?

A

Antimicrobials

Elimination from repro organs is difficult bc bacteria are intracellular

156
Q

What is the pathogenesis of S. abortus equi via per os?

A

Per os -> septicemia -> endotoxic effects or invasive (follow other route)

157
Q

What is the pathogenesis of S. abortus equi via venereal?

A

Invasive -> polyarthritis -> or stallion (male repro systems) -> or mare -> mare will have persistent infection (several abortions, septicemic foal) -> or have pregnant uterus that will abort or be alive with symptoms (acute mortality 2-3 days old or polyarthritis 14 days old)

158
Q

What are the CS for the mild form of salmonellosis in equine?

A

General symptoms
Slight diarrhea
Dx difficult
Self-limiting

159
Q

What are the CS for the acute form of salmonella in horses?

A 
Most frequent 
Fever, anorexia, mild colic 
24 hour diarrhea 
severe symptoms + cyanosis 
Shock possible 
Laminitis (hoof)
Slow recovery + relapse possible 
Can evolve to chronic
160
Q

Where are the CS for the hyper acute form of salmonella in horses?

A 
In foal
Several general symptoms 
Eventually diarrhea 
Endotoxic shock 924-72 hour) -> death 
Tissue localization
161
Q

How would salmonella be Dx in horses?

A

Neutropenia

Culture

162
Q

What would be a therapy plan for horses with salmonella?

A

Hydration : IV
Shock : NSAIDs
Antimicrobials
Carriers

163
Q

How would salmonella in horses be prevented?

A

Hygiene

164
Q

T/F: Salmonella is non host specific in cats and dogs

A

True

165
Q

What are the CS of salmonella in cats and dogs?

A

Enteritis and septicaemicae

166
Q

Who are the carriers for salmonella in cats and dogs?

A

Dogs: 0-36%
Cats: 0-20%

167
Q

What is the origin of salmonella in dogs and cats?

A

Mainly feed

168
Q

How would salmonella be Dx in cats and dogs?

A

Culture
ELISA
PCR

169
Q

How would salmonella be Tx in cats and dogs?

A

Hydration

Antibiotics (contraindicated in animals with a good general condition)

170
Q

What is the salmonella serotype for pigeons?

A

S. typhimurium var. Copenhagen (paratyphus)

171
Q

What are the CS of S. typhimurium var. copenhagen in pigeons?

A

Anorexia, weight, diarrhea, limping, unable to fly, breeding difficulties, apathic, PUPD, mortality

172
Q

T/F: S. typhimurium in pigeons has a specific clonal lineage

A

True

173
Q

T/F: S. typhimurium in pigeons is zoonotic

A

False, not zoonotic

174
Q

What are two types of S. typhimurium in pigeons?

A

Paratyphus (PT) 2 and 99

175
Q

When is acute paratyphus seen in pigeons?

A

Mainly during breeding

176
Q

What are some CS of acute paratyphus in pigeons?

A

One wing hanging down

Intermittent excretion

177
Q

How would paratyphus in pigeons be Dx?

A

Bacterial culture

Rapid slide agglutination for Ab’s

178
Q

How would paratyphus in pigeons be Tx?

A

Antimicrobials (strains very susceptible)
Immune therapy: inactivated vaccine reduces severity and does NOT prevent)
hygiene

179
Q

What is the salmonella serotype found in Psittaciformes (parrot) and Passerformes (perching bird)?

A

S. Typhimurium

Rare in Psittaciformes

180
Q

How do Passerformes get S. typhimurium?

A 
In birdhouse when: 
Stressed 
Overcrowded 
Cold and humid 
Inappropriate feeding
181
Q

What are the CS of S. typhimurium in Passerformes?

A

Apathic, feed and water intake decreased
Chronic
Diarrhea (most of the time)

182
Q

What are the poultry serotypes of typhoid Salmonella?

A

2 Typhoid salmonella
S. pullorum (reportable)
S. gallinarum (reportable)

183
Q

What are the poultry serotypes of non-typhoid salmonella

A

Non-typhoid (paratyphoid)

S. enteriditis (zoonotic)

184
Q

What are the salmonella serotypes in turkeys?

A

S. enterica ssp. arizonae

185
Q

T/F: S. pullorum and S. gallinarum are antigenically similar

A

True (1, 9, 12)

186
Q

What salmonella serotype are S. pullorum and S. gallinarum antigenically similar to?

A

S. enteriditis

187
Q

T/F: S. pullorum and S. gallinarum are not reportable

A

False, they are reportable

188
Q

What disease does S. pullorum cause in poultry?

A

Pullorum disease

189
Q

What age range does S. pullorum usually affect in poultry?

A

Younger animals (<3 weeks)

190
Q

T/F: S. pullorum has a low mortality in poultry?

A

False, high mortality

191
Q

What are the CS of S. pullorum in poultry?

A

Acute sepsis
General symptoms
Typical granulomatous lesions in stomach, liver and myocardium
Adults usually have oophoritis with deformed yellow-greenish follicles

192
Q

S. pullorum can be transmitted horizontally and vertically, what is the mortality peak for verticals transmission?

A

2-3 weeks

193
Q

How could S. pullorum be diagnosed in poultry?

A

Bacterial culture

Serology: slide agglutination

194
Q

How would S. pullorum be Tx in poultry?

A

Tx for hobby poultry via antibiotics (no elimination)

195
Q

What is another name for S. gallinarum?

A

Fowl typhoid

196
Q

What age group does S. gallinarum usually affect?

A

Older animals

197
Q

What are the clinical signs of fowl typhoid?

A

Hyperacute mortality + hemolytic anemia (endotoxins)

Acute and subacute; increasing mortality up to 30% general symptoms

198
Q

What is the typhoid salmonella that affects turkeys?

A

S. enterica ssp. arizonae

199
Q

What age group does S. enteric ssp. arizonae usually affect?

A

Younger animals

200
Q

What are the CS of S. enterica ssp. arizona?

A

General symptoms with mortality up to 50%

201
Q

Where is S. enterica ssp. arizonae primarily located?

A

Mainly USA

202
Q

How would S. enterica ssp. arizonae be Dx and Tx?

A

Culture and eradication

203
Q

What is the difficulty with controlling S. enterica ssp. arizona?

A

There are different serotypes and can get false negatives

204
Q

What is the paratyphoid salmonella in poultry?

A

S. enteriditis

205
Q

T/F: S. enteriditis in poultry is zoonotic

A

True, egg contamination

206
Q

T/F: S. enteriditis is the most frequent serotype causing zoonotic infection

A

False, used to be. Decreased due to vaccination (imposed in Europe)

207
Q

T/F: Many other paratyphoid salmonella are not zoonotic?

A

False, many are zoonotic

208
Q

T/F: There is vertical and horizontal transmission in other paratyphoid Salmonella

A

False, there is no vertical transmission

209
Q

When do CS show up in other paratyphoid Salmonella?

A 
In young infected with high dose 
Aflatoxins in feed 
T0 too low for young animals 
Other enteric infections 
Stress (transport)
210
Q

What are two Klebsiella serotypes?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Klebsiella oxytoca

211
Q

Where can Klebsiella be found?

A

Water, soil, environment, GI tract

212
Q

What is the clinical importance of Klebsiella?

A

Important in nosocomial infections

213
Q

What kind of pathogen is Klebsiella?

A

Opportunistic pathogen

214
Q

What kind of infection does Klebsiella cause in equine?

A

Equine metritis: inflammation of uterine wall STD transmission

215
Q

What are some CS of Klebsiella in equine?

A

Vaginits, infertility, abortion

216
Q

How is Klebsiella transmitted in equine?

A

Stallion, fomite, vaginal specula & biopsy equipment

217
Q

When there isn’t enough colostrum, what kind of infections does Klebsiella cause in horses?

A

Umbilical infections

218
Q

T/F: Klebsiella infections are a common finding in dogs

A

False, rare finding

219
Q

What CS are seen in dogs with Klebsiella infections?

A

Pyometra

Cystitis

220
Q

What CS does Klebsiella cause in bovine?

A

Mastitis

221
Q

What is the Tx plan for Klebsiella infections?

A

Natural resistance to amoxycillin/ampicillin
Susceptible to amoxycillin + clavamox
High level acquired resistance
Difficult to Tx

222
Q

What are the 3 zoonotic types of Yersinia?

A

Y. pestis
Y. pseudotuberculosis
Y. enterocolitica

223
Q

What is the Yersinia serotype in fish?

A

Y. ruckeri

224
Q

At what temp does Yersinia replicate?

A

4 degrees C

225
Q

What does Yersinia pestis cause in humans?

A

Bubonic plague: local lymphadenitis
Pneumonic plague: pneumonia
Septicaemic plague: septicaemiae

226
Q

What was the black death caused by?

A

Yersinia pestis

227
Q

Who was one of the first epidemiologists?

A

John Grant

228
Q

T/F: Yersinia pestis can be weaponized because of its high pathogenicity

A

True

229
Q

What are the virulence factors of Yersinia pests?

A

Capsule
Toxins
Iron acquisition

230
Q

Where are the virulence pathogens frequently located for Yersinia pestis?

A

On plasmids

231
Q

What is the reservoir for Yersinia pestis?

A

Tolerant rodents

232
Q

What are the routes of transmission for Yersinia pests?

A

Fleas
Airborne
Oral

233
Q

How do cats get infected with Yersinia pestis?

A

After ingestion of infected prey

234
Q

What are the CS of Yersinia pestis in cats?

A 
Fever
Depression 
Sneezing 
Coughing
CNS disturbances 
Lymphadenitis 
Tonsilitis 
Cranial and cervical edema 
Pneumonia 
Mortality
235
Q

What kind of pathogen is Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?

A

Obligate symbiotic, facultative intracellular

236
Q

What is the pathogenic significance for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?

A

Rodents
Birds
Zoonotic

237
Q

What are the virulence factors Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?

A

Cell wall
Adhesins
Toxins
Iron Uptake

238
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in birds and rodents?

A

Oral uptake
Lymphoid tissue intestine
Mesenterial lymph nodes
Sepsis and multiplication in blood

239
Q

What is the major pathogen in Passeriformes?

A

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

240
Q

What are the CS of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Passeriformes?

A 
Fat liver disease 
Rodentiosis 
Apathy
Water and feed intake 
Event
241
Q

T/F: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is found mainly in animals housed in outdoor birdhouses

A

True

242
Q

How is Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Passeriformes transmitted?

A

Wild birds and rodents

243
Q

What are the chronic symptoms of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Passeriformes?

A

Weight loss and respiratory distress

244
Q

What are the acute lesions of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Passeriformes?

A

Splenomegaly with foci of necrosis

Enlarged liver

245
Q

What are the subacute/chronic lesions of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Passeriformes?

A

Same as acute + necrosis on cecum and lung

246
Q

What is the zoonotic subspecies of Yersinia in domestic animals?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

247
Q

What are the zoonotic CS of Yersinia enterocolitica?

A

Colic and Diarrhea

248
Q

What are the CS in domestic animals with Yersinia enterocolitica?

A

Ileitis

Gastro-enteris

249
Q

What serotype of Yersinia enterocolitica cross reacts with brucellosis?

A

Serotype O9

250
Q

What are two types Proteus?

A

P. mirabilis

P. vulgaris

251
Q

What are the CS of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris?

A

Otitis and cystitis dog

252
Q

What is seen with Proteus in a bacteriological Dx by culture?

A

Swarming bacterium

253
Q

What are the primary pathogens in Otitis of dog?

A

Staphylococcus pseudointermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis

254
Q

After Tx of Otitis in dogs, if there is still damage, what could be present?

A

Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Peudomonas aeruginosa

255
Q

What are some predisposing factors to Otitis in dogs?

A

Frequent swimming
Breeds with long hanging ears
Breeds with hair in external ear channel

256
Q

How would otitis be Tx in dogs?

A

Local oil based Ab/antimycotic mix
Elimination of cause
Anatomical predisposition

Bact Exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions