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Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

What are two Bordetella species?

A

B. bronchiseptica

B. avium

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2
Q

What epithelium does B. bronchiseptica have an affinity for?

A

Ciliated respiratory epithelium

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3
Q

What is the main pathology of B. bronchiseptica in dogs?

A

Kennel cough

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4
Q

What is the pathology of B. bronchiseptica in pigs?

A

Atrophic rhinitis

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5
Q

What are the virulence factors of B. bronchiseptica?

A

Adhesins: ciliated respiratory epithelial (filamentous
Hemagglutinin)
Toxins
Biofilms

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6
Q

What are the toxins of B. bronchiseptica?

A

Hemolysin
Dermonecrotic toxin
Osteo toxin
Tracheal cytotoxin

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7
Q

What is Bvg regulon’s role in B. bronchiseptica?

A 
Phase variation 
Virulent  non virulent phase 
Coordinates expression (or not in low temps) of virulence genes
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8
Q

What are the CS of non progressive atrophic rhinitis caused by B. bronchiseptica in pigs?

A

Damage of nasal mucosa
Production of mucus
Dermonecrotic toxin increased

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9
Q

What are the CS of pneumonic bordetellosis caused by B. bronchiseptica?

A

Age <1 week = primary infection
Age >1 week = secondary infection

Coughing and dyspnea in young animals
Generally no fever
Morbidity high
Mortality variable to high

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10
Q

What lesions in the lungs does pneumonic bordetellosis cause in pigs?

A 
Pneumonia 
Frontal and mid lobus 
Go from red to brown/yellow-brown 
Chronic: dry aspect 
Purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis
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11
Q

What is the epidemiology of progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

A

Bordatella colonized easier than P. multocida
Direct contact-aerosol
Passed sow to offspring
Usually older piglets to younger

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of progressive atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

A 
Sniffling 
Sneezing 
Progressive disease 
Tears
Serous + blood
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13
Q

How would atrophic rhinitis be Tx in pigs?

A 
Difficult 
No optimal therapy
Hygiene 
Management 
Antibacterial 
Vaccination (questionable in piglets)
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14
Q

What does Bordatella have acquired resistance to?

A

Sulfonamides

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15
Q

What are the CS of B. bronchiseptica, kennel cough in dogs (cats)?

A

Rhinitis
Laryngitis
Tracheobronchitis
Pneumonia and pleuritis

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of kennel cough?

A

In general onset is 6-7 weeks old, early is 3-4 weeks
Dry cough
Nose, eye
Decreased food intake and activity
Slow development and long excretion (2weeks)

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17
Q

How could kennel cough be prevented?

A

Vaccination (combo with inactivated and live vaccine)

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18
Q

What are the symptoms in B. bronchiseptica in cats?

A 
Nasal discharge 
Tears
Photophobia 
Sneezing 
Non-productive cough 
Dyspnoea
Swelling of lymph nodes 
Anorexia 
Fever 
Mortality
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19
Q

What are the CS of B. bronchiseptica in horses?

A

Seldom

Similar CS to dogs and cats

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20
Q

How would B. bronchiseptica be Tx in horses?

A

Prevent dust
Rest 3 weeks for full recovery
Prevent inhalation of spores of fungi

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21
Q

What does Bordetella cause in turkeys?

A

Coryza
Respiratory problems
B. Avium

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22
Q

Who are the carriers for bordetella in poultry?

A

Older animals

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of Bordetella in poultry?

A 
High morbidity and low mortality 
Growth decreases 
Seromucous nose discharge
Eye
Sneezing 
Head shaking 
Further evolution
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24
Q

What is the Tx plan for Bordetella in poultry?

A

Hygiene
No mixing of ages
Inactivated vaccine for mother animals

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25
Q

What are the symptoms of Bordetella in rabbits?

A 
Nasal discharge. 
Sneezing, snoring 
Congestion 
Conjunctivitis
Tears 
Eye localization: blindness 
Ear infection 
Abscesses
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26
Q

What does the Tx of Bordetella in rabbit depended on?

A

Depend on stage

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27
Q

T/F: Antibiotics can be used to Tx Bordetella in rabbits?

A

False, they are toxic (lincosamides: clindamycin, lincomycin; penicillins, macrolides)

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28
Q

What are some tolerated Ab’s to use in rabbits with Bordetella?

A

Streptomycin
Neomycin
Tetracycline

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29
Q

What are the species of importance for Moraxella?

A

M. bovis
M. bovoculi
M. ovis

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30
Q

What are the CS of Moraxella bovis disease in bovine?

A

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis or ‘pink eye’
Highly infectious
Mainly young animals

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31
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Moraxella bovis?

A 
Specific attachment to bacteria to conjunctival/corneal epithelial 
Production of toxin
Overall tissue damage 
Inflammation 
Further growth and production of toxins 
Increased susceptibility for other pathogens
Non infectious damage: dust 
Irreversible eye damage
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32
Q

What are predisposing factors to Moraxella bovis?

A 
Main young cattle 
Flies 
Eye irritation 
Bovine herpesviurs 1 infection 
Mycoplasma bovoculi
Listeria monocytogenes
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33
Q

How is Moraxella bovis transmitted?

A

Direct contact with infected animal

Flies

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34
Q

How would Moraxella bovis be Tx?

A

Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
In separate stable

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35
Q

What is M. bovoculi associated with in bovine?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis in bovines

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36
Q

What is M. ovis associated with in bovine and sheep?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis

Pneumonia

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37
Q

What type of capsule does Pasteurella multocida?

A

Type A: mucoid -> capsule + hyaluronic acid

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38
Q

What are the virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida?

A 
Adhesins 
Capsule 
Cell wall: LPS
Iron acquisition 
Toxins: RTX, Rho activating toxin
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39
Q

The highly virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida are what kind of pathogen and cause what?

A

Obligate pathogenic: septicaemiae

In bovine, birds, rabbits

40
Q

What kind of pathogen are the low virulent strains in Pasteurella multocida and what do they cause?

A

Facultative pathogenic: rhinitis, pneumonia

In pig, bovine, rabbits

41
Q

Rhinitis in rabbits with P. multocida may evolve to what?

A

Pleuropneumonia
Otitis
Conjunctivitis
Abscesses

42
Q

High pathogenic serovars of P. multocida in bovine cause what?

A

Hemorrhagic septicaemiae

43
Q

What are two serotypes of highly pathogenic P. multocida in bovine?

44
Q

What does P. multocida cause in pigs?

A

Atrophic rhinitis

Lung pasteurellosis

45
Q

What are the CS of P. multocida in poultry?

A

Fowl cholera

Usually in young adults

46
Q

What are hyperacute CS of P. multocida in poultry?

A

Septicemic

47
Q

What are the acute signs of P. multocida in poultry?

A

Sudden death

48
Q

What are the chronic signs of P. multocida in poultry?

A

Sneezing, nose excretions, edema head

49
Q

What are the CS of P. multocida in cats and dogs?

A

Biting wounds and scratch lesions
Licking of wounds = wound infection

Cat biting a bird: bird gets Pasteurella septicaemiae

50
Q

How would P. multocida be Tx?

A

Wound disinfection

Antibiotics

51
Q

Mannheimia hemolytica used to be what?

A

Pasteurella hemolytica

52
Q

What are the virulence factors of Mannheimia hemolytica?

A

Leukotoxin: RTX family (dose dependent)

53
Q

Where is Mannnheimia hemolytica frequently found in sheep?

A

In the nose

54
Q

T/F: Both primary and secondary infection are possible with Mannheimia hemolytica

55
Q

T/F: As in sheep, Mannheimia hemolytica are also found frequently in the nose of bovines

A

False, seldom found in nose

56
Q

What are some CS of Mannheimia hemolytica in calves?

A

Bacterial bronchopneumonia (shipping fever)

57
Q

What is the endogenic pathogenesis of Mannheimia hemolytica?

A

Stress -> Multiplication -> excretion -> lung -> septicaemic

58
Q

What is a secondary pathogen in bacterial bronchopneumonia?

A

P. multocida

59
Q

What is the exogenic pathogenesis of Mannheimia hemolytica?

A

Excretion of high numbers of Mh by infected calves -> other animals infected

60
Q

What is the immunity of Mannheimia hemolytica?

A

Mainly antibody mediated
Presence in tonsils
Protective antigens
Vaccines

61
Q

What are general CS of Mannheimia hemolytica in bovine?

A

Shipping fever
Respiratory distress
General symptoms

62
Q

What lesions are caused Mannheimia hemolytica in bovine?

A

Different grades and depending on complicating infections
Fibrous necrotizing bronchopneumonia
Serfibrinous pleuritis
Well defined pneumonia zones

63
Q

What are the CS of Bibersteinia trehalosi?

A

Septicaemmiae at age 5-12 months
DD clostridium perfringens enterotoxemmia
Acute mortality
Stress

64
Q

Haemophilus is NAD dependent and needs what for culture?

A

Staphylococcus

65
Q

What age group does Haemophilus affect?

A

2 weeks - 4 months (mainly at weaning)

66
Q

What are the virulence factors of Haemophilus?

A

Endotoxins

Transferrin binding proteins

67
Q

What is the disease Haemophilus parasuis causes?

A

Glasses disease

68
Q

What is the pathogenesis of H. parasuis?

A

Endogenic-exogenic infection -> septicaemiae -> Meningitis -> polyserositis, polyarthritis

69
Q

What are the CS of Haemophilus felis in cats?

A

Pneumonia, chronic

Conjunctivitis

70
Q

What are the symptoms of Histophilus somnei in bovine?

A 
Septicaemia
CNS (TEME=Sleepers disease)
Arthritis 
Retinitis 
Myocarditis 
Pneumonia 
Mastitis 
Abortion 
Otitis
71
Q

What are the virulence factors of Histophilus somnei?

A

LOS
OMPs
Host cell interaction
Biofilms

72
Q

T/F: Avibacterium paragallinarum is NAD independent

73
Q

What is the pathogenesis of of Avibacterium paragallinarum?

A

Carriers
Transmission via drinking water and aerosol
Stress

74
Q

What are the acute symptoms of Avibacterium paragallinarum?

A

General
Anorexia
Conjunctivitis

75
Q

What are the subacute symptoms of Avibacterium paragallinarum?

A

Sinusitis and pus

Oedema head and neck

76
Q

What are some predisposing factors of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale?

A 
Stress 
Intercurrent resp. infections 
High density 
Ventilation 
Ammonia concentrations
77
Q

What is the pathogenesis of O. rhinotracheale?

A

Predisposing factors

Nose and infraorbital sinus -> trachea -> air sac -> lung

78
Q

What are the symptoms of O. rhinotracheale in avian?

A 
Sneezing 
Nose exudate 
Coughing 
Depression 
Swelling sinus
Facial oedema 
Anorexia 
Dyspnea 
Mortality low
79
Q

What are the 2 biotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

A

Biotype 1: NAD Dependent

Biotype 2: NAD independent

80
Q

What is the epidemiology of A. pleuropneumoniae?

A

Spread from pig to pig via direct contact and aerosols
Spread thru the stable

Inhalation or Tonsils/nose -> Terminal bronchioli alveoli

81
Q

What are predisposing factors of A. pleuropneumoniae?

A

Bacteria and virulence factors
Host dependent
Stress

82
Q

What are the symptoms of A. pleuropneumoniae?

A 
Respiratory distress
General 
Hyperacute 
Acute 
Chronic
83
Q

How would A. pleuropneumoniae be Dx?

A

Detection of carriers
Antibodies
PCR - swab from nose and tonsils

84
Q

What are the acute symptoms of A. suis?

A

Young animals
Acute mortality
APP

85
Q

What are the less acute symptoms of A. suis in older piglets?

A

Fever, anorexia
Respiratory distress
Polyarthritis

86
Q

What are the symptoms of A. suis is adult pigs?

A

Subcutaneous abscesses
Anorexia and fever
Meningitis possible

87
Q

What are the carriers of A. equuli?

A

Mouth and GI tract

88
Q

What are the toxins for A. equuli?

A

AQX toxins (RTX)

89
Q

What are the symptoms A. equuli?

A

Bronchitis
Pleuritis
Pneumonia

90
Q

What are the symptoms of A. equuli in a foal?

A 
Septicaemiae
Sleepy foal disease 
Enteritis 
Slimy pus 
Ab Tx
Colostrum
91
Q

What are the symptoms of A. equuli in adult horses?

A

Abortions of the birth of “sleepy foal disease” foal
Septicaemiae
Frequently localization in joints
Ab Tx

92
Q

A. lignieresii is an inhabitant of what in porcine?

A

Nasopharynx

93
Q

What tissue/organ are affected by A. lignieresii?

A

Infection of weak tissues: CT proliferation

Mainly tongue

94
Q

What lesions are caused by A. lignieresii?

A

Capsule of CT w/multiple granuloma’s containing yellowish pus and “sulfur granules”

95
Q

How would A. lignieresii be Dx?

A

Histology
Microscopy of granules
DD: Actinomycosis (affects bones)
Nocardiosis

Bact Exam 2 (4 decks)

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