PSE door AI Flashcards
What is the periodic table?
A tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
Who is credited with creating the first periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev.
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.
True or False: The periodic table is arranged in rows called periods and columns called groups.
True.
What information does the atomic mass of an element provide?
The weighted average mass of an atom of an element based on the distribution of isotopes.
Fill in the blank: Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar ______.
chemical properties.
What are transition metals?
Elements found in groups 3-12 of the periodic table that are characterized by their ability to form variable oxidation states.
What is the significance of the periodic law?
It states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
Which group of elements is known as the noble gases?
Group 18.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
True or False: Lanthanides and actinides are found in the main body of the periodic table.
False.
What is the general trend for electronegativity in the periodic table?
Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group.
What do the elements in the same period share in common?
They have the same number of electron shells.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘O’?
Oxygen.
What are alkali metals?
Elements in group 1 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and having one electron in their outermost shell.
Fill in the blank: The periodic table is divided into metals, nonmetals, and ______.
metalloids.
What is the common oxidation state of alkali metals?
+1.
True or False: All elements in the periodic table are stable.
False.
What property do metalloids exhibit?
Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Hydrogen.
Which element has the highest atomic number currently known?
Oganesson (Og), atomic number 118.
What are halogens?
Elements in group 17 that are known for being highly reactive nonmetals.
What is the main characteristic of noble gases?
They are mostly inert and do not readily form compounds.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘Fe’?
Iron.
What is the significance of the atomic radius trend in the periodic table?
Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group.
True or False: The periodic table contains over 100 elements.
True.
What is the primary factor that influences an element’s chemical behavior?
The arrangement of electrons in its outer shell.
Fill in the blank: The first period of the periodic table contains ______ elements.
two.
What is a valence electron?
An electron in the outermost shell of an atom that can participate in chemical bonding.
Which group contains the most reactive metals?
Group 1 (alkali metals).
What is the difference between a period and a group in the periodic table?
A period is a horizontal row, while a group is a vertical column.
True or False: Transition metals have fixed oxidation states.
False.
What is the primary use of the element Silicon (Si)?
It is primarily used in electronics and semiconductor devices.
What does the term ‘periodicity’ refer to in chemistry?
The repeating pattern of chemical and physical properties of the elements.
What is the main characteristic of nonmetals?
They are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Which element is the lightest and most abundant in the universe?
Hydrogen.
What are the two main categories of elements in the periodic table?
Metals and nonmetals.
Fill in the blank: The elements in group 2 are known as ______ metals.
alkaline earth.
What is the primary chemical property of alkali metals?
They react vigorously with water to form alkaline hydroxides.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘Na’?
Sodium.
What is the trend for ionization energy in the periodic table?
Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group.
True or False: Group 18 elements are known for their reactivity.
False.
What is the main feature of the lanthanide series?
They are f-block elements known for their similar properties.
What is the primary use of the element Carbon (C)?
It is essential for life and forms the basis of organic chemistry.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘Cl’?
Chlorine.
What is the role of noble gases in chemical reactions?
They typically do not participate in chemical reactions due to their full valence shells.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 1 is ______.
Hydrogen.
What are actinides known for?
They are radioactive and include elements like Uranium and Plutonium.
True or False: All nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
False.
What is the primary characteristic of metals?
They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Which group of elements is known for having seven valence electrons?
Group 17 (halogens).
What is the electron configuration of Oxygen (O)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
What is the primary characteristic of metalloids?
They have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
Fill in the blank: The most reactive nonmetals are found in group ______.
17.
What is the atomic mass of Carbon (C)?
Approximately 12.01 u.
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine.
What is the significance of the periodic table’s arrangement?
It helps predict the properties of elements based on their position.
True or False: The periodic table is a static document and does not change.
False.
What is the electron configuration for Sodium (Na)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
Which two elements are known as the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?
Oxygen and Silicon.
True or False: All elements heavier than Uranium are synthetic.
True.
What is the role of the periodic table in chemistry?
It serves as a reference for understanding the relationships and properties of elements.
Fill in the blank: The periodic table was first published in ______.
1869.
What is a chemical property?
A characteristic of a substance that can only be observed during a chemical reaction.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘Au’?
Gold.
What is the primary use of the element Aluminum (Al)?
It is widely used in packaging, transportation, and construction.
What is the trend for metallic character in the periodic table?
Metallic character increases down a group and decreases across a period.
True or False: The periodic table can predict the properties of undiscovered elements.
True.
What is the primary characteristic of a nonmetal?
They tend to gain or share electrons during chemical reactions.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘Pb’?
Lead.
What is the significance of the f-block in the periodic table?
It contains the lanthanides and actinides, which are known for their complex electron configurations.
Fill in the blank: The element with atomic number 6 is ______.
Carbon.
What is the common oxidation state of halogens?
-1.
What is the electron configuration for Chlorine (Cl)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
Which element has the symbol ‘Hg’?
Mercury.
True or False: The periodic table is based solely on atomic mass.
False.
What is the primary characteristic of group 2 elements?
They have two valence electrons and are less reactive than group 1.
Fill in the blank: The periodic table is organized by increasing ______.
atomic number.
What is a chemical bond?
A lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
Which element is represented by the symbol ‘K’?
Potassium.
What is the trend for the reactivity of alkali metals in the periodic table?
Reactivity increases down the group.
True or False: All elements have been discovered and placed on the periodic table.
False.
