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HSTR 352 History of the French Revolution > PSCI 230X Intro to international relations midterm (good deck) > Flashcards

PSCI 230X Intro to international relations midterm (good deck) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the key structural difference between international political systems and domestic political systems

A

International: anarchical system
Domestic: heirarchical system

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2
Q

what does it mean when states are considered to be anarchical (3)

A

There is no world government
we depict states as coexisting in a flat realm
States are independent and have authority over their own affairs (sovereignty)

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3
Q

In order for something to be considered a state by definition they must exhibit what

A

monopoly of legitimate force over a territory

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4
Q

for a realist, a written constitution is not good enough to prove sovereignty, what must be present for a realist to consider a territory a state

A

Sovereignty has to be able to physically demonstrate that it is sovereign through actions and physical evidence

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5
Q

what is the difference between a country and a state

A

a country is an area on a map
a state has control of a territory
there can be multiple states within a country

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6
Q

Nation state:

A

a state that contains all and only the members of one culture or civilization

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7
Q

why is history not a reliable guide for predicting political outcomes (2)

A

conditions change
trends can be deceiving

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8
Q

Theories focus on what (that is able to help predict outcome and prescribe policy)

A

cause and effect
if the same conditions exist as before we should expect a similar outcome

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9
Q

what are the two main political families

A

Realists and idealists

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10
Q

what is the difference between realist and idealist theory at their very core in regards to conflict and cooperation

A

realists are pessimistic
idealists are optimistic

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11
Q

what is the difference between classical realists and structural realists? What is the root of their pessimistic nature?

A

Classical realists are pessimistic about human nature and it ability to resolve conflict
structural realists believe international anarchy makes cooperation difficult

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12
Q

What level of analysis do structural realists focus on compared to classical realists?

A

SR - international level of analysis
CR - individual level of analysis

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13
Q

according to classical realists what causes perpetual conflict

A

human nature

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14
Q

according to classical realists, what are the characteristics of humans

A

power seeking, greedy, irrational

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15
Q

what is the policy advise of classical realists and why

A

maximize power
People and states should try to have as much power as possible so they can influence or control others (zero sum logic)

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16
Q

according to structural realists what leads to perpetual conflict

A

international anarchy

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17
Q

according to structural realists, due to the lack of world government, what do states do to protect themselves

A

develop capabilities

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18
Q

what causes a security dilemma

A

states build up capabilities with no intention of harming others but their capabilities may inadvertently frighten other states who may retaliate in self defense
uncertainty of intentions

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19
Q

according to structural realists, perpetual peace and cooperation is impossible. What takes the place of a world government?

A

balance of power politics

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20
Q

according to structural realism, what are the 2 aspects of the international political system

A

anarchy and polarity

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21
Q

what are the three types of polarity and in what time period do they exist?

A

multipolarity pre 1944
bi polarity 1945-1989 US and Russia 2015- present US and China
Unipolarity 1990-2014 US

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22
Q

for structural realists, power is based on blank instead of blank

A

capabilities instead of control

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23
Q

what are the main two schools of thought in idealist thought and what is their core belief system?

A

liberalism - perpetual peace and cooperation can occur over time due to human nature
critical evolutionary theory - change is possible but only through revolutionary change

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24
Q

what are the three types of liberals and what do they believe to be the path to peace

A

classical economic liberals - capitalism
classical political liberals - democracy
neoliberals - international trade and organizations

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25
what are the three types of critical evolutionary theorists and what do they believe to be the path to peace
marxists - revolution from capitalism to socialism feminists - revolution from male leadership to female leadership constructivists - more cooperative ideas
26
what is the economic liberal view to peace
Individual desire for wealth will lead to capitalist states which will lead to international peace cooperation and prosperity
27
what is the political liberal logic and path to peace
all people desire freedom and justice = democratic states = peace and cooperation
28
what level of analysis do the 2 classical liberal branches focus on
individual
29
what level of analysis do neoliberals focus on
international level of analysis
30
what is the neoliberal logic and path to peace
mutual respect among states and a focus on collective gains will lead to cooperation through international cooperations
31
what are the three branches of critical revolutionary theory
feminist Marxist constructivists
32
what is the logic of Marxist theory
Socialist states respect their people and cooperate with each other so as they spread international peace and cooperation
33
what is the logic of Marxist theory
Socialist states respect their people and cooperate with each other so as they spread international peace and cooperation socialism is non exploitative as compared to capitalism
34
what could make feminist theory revolutionary
if they call for a revolution to replace all male leadership with female leadership
35
for constructivists, what is the core of conflict and cooperation and how could this core change the world for the better
ideas different ideas centered around peace and cooperation would make the world better
36
for constructivists what would help lessen global conflict
if states shifted their focus to collective gains and ideas about universal human rights instead of sovereignty and relative gains
37
what are the four aspects in a perfect foreign policy creation
Clarify goals Prioritize goals List available policies evaluate pros and cons Select best policy
38
what are the sources of imperfection in foreign policy at the global level of analysis
amount and quality of information about the world difficulty of calculating costs of war (conventional vs nuclear era)
39
what are some sources of imperfection in foreign policy at the international level of analysis
anarchy polarity relative capabilities presence or absence of international organizations
40
what are the two types of conflict and what are they
conflict of interests- conflict over tangible material things conflict of ideas- ethnic religious national etc
41
what are the four types of conflict resolution
back down coexist compromise use leverage
42
what are the three types of leverage
diplomatic isolation economic sanction military force
43
what is the spectrum of military force
occasional raids limited war (confined to an area and use of conventional weapons) (Korea) total war (WWII)
44
what are the three types of war
conventional war guerilla war terrorism
45
what are the aspects of conventional war
armies on the front lines with the goal of taking over territory
46
what are the aspects of guerilla war
usually a state vs a non state throw off an occupying force or change the goc by wearing down the opponents will to continue fighting
47
what is the strategy and the goal of terrorism
strat: kill civilians until the other side does what you want goal: compel political change
48
what are two examples of terrorism
Hiroshima and nagasaki- get the civilians to pressure japan to give up 9/11- citizen pressure to convince US to end support of Israeli government
49
what are two examples of terrorism and what was the associated goal
Hiroshima and nagasaki- get the civilians to pressure japan to give up 9/11- citizen pressure to convince US to end support of Israeli government
50
what are the three possible military goals
deterrence (threaten to retaliate so attacks dont happen) offense (impose your will) defense (defend state or territory if an attack occurs)
51
when determining the proper strength of a military force what are the 2 considerations
international political (how much is enough relative to other countries capabilities) domestic political (how much is necessary to make citizens feel safe) (what helps get leaders re-elected)
52
what are the two types of military forces
conventional (armies navy airforce) Weapons of Mass Destruction
53
what are the two main components to controlling forces
coordination/logistics authority
54
what can occur if there is not clear organizations and logistics what is an example
accidental bombings of the wrong target bombings in syria accidentally killed civilians
55
How can forces be controlled (2)
hierarchical chain of command with clear rules and punishments faith in the cause or regime and agreement that the war is just
56
what is an effect of nuclear weapons
those with engage in cold wars those without engage in hot wars with conventional weapons
57
what is an effect of nuclear weapons
those with engage in cold wars those without engage in hot wars with conventional weapons nukes are cheap and easy
58
according to realists, why do states cooperate
states cooperate to enhance their own national security states get more from working together than from not working together
59
according to idealists, why do states cooperate
States cooperate to achieve common interests such as world peace and collective security
60
what are the types of international law
diplomatic law law of war human rights laws
61
what are the two parts of the law of war
just vs unjust war (just to defend not to attack) conduct of war (dont target civilians, treat pows well, force must be necessary)
62
what is included in diplomatic law
exemption from some minor laws
63
what is included in human rights laws
genocide mass rape civilian murder

HSTR 352 History of the French Revolution (11 decks)

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