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HSTR 352 History of the French Revolution > HSTR 391 Midterm #2 study guide > Flashcards

HSTR 391 Midterm #2 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

what were some of the British advantages at the battle of Britain

A

naval power
the english mote
resources (from the empire and from america)
advanced radar
german overconfidence in their coding
homefeild advantage

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2
Q

why was homefeild advantage so helpful to the british in the battle of britian

A

longer fly times
re-use of shot down pilots

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3
Q

ME-109: who used it and where was it used

A

primary german fighter plane used at the battle of britian

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4
Q

compare the ME-109 to the spitfire

A

Spitfire was faster and more manuverable with a higher ceiling
ME had a faster dive
ME had a very short fuel range

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5
Q

In terms of german aircraft at the battle of britian, what was a dehibilitating factor

A

fuel range (only 10 min of fly time)

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6
Q

what are some important things to understand about the British Hawker Hurricane

A

workhorse of the RAF
shot down more planes than any other aircraft
tough

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7
Q

why was the british perfection of radar important at the battle of britian and throughout the war

A

could accurately plan defense in advance for incoming attacks

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8
Q

what was the enigma machine and why was it significant

A

german coding machine
the allies were able to crack it and plan for german movements

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9
Q

what was the miracle of sept. 7 1940 and why was it significant

A

Hitler shifted his focus away from strategic British airfields to British population zones
the RAF was on the brink of collapse but when the focus shifted to London, the RAF could reestablish itself

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10
Q

why did the miracle of sept. 7 1940 occur

A

the RAF had bombed civilian centers in Berlin and pissed Hitler off
it hurt the aura of German invulnerability

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11
Q

what was Ultra or the ultra secret and where was it located

A

bletchly park
center for allied intelligence
code breaking

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12
Q

who was alan turing and what did he do

A

Allied Code Breaker
broke the enigma code and developed produced intelligence that helped the allies win the war

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13
Q

why did the americans switch to a focus on the convoy system

A

sustained massive shipping losses at the hands of german U-Boats

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14
Q

what was the formation of US convoys

A

7 long 5 across
with destroyers and aircraft

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15
Q

why did the americans switch to a focus on the convoy system and why was it significant

A

sustained massive shipping losses at the hands of german U-Boats
significantly lessened US shipping losses and helped supply Britian and the allies
cut losses almost in half

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16
Q

what were “wolf packs” in WW2

A

a convoy attack strategy used by a group of German U-Boats

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17
Q

what aided convoy systems

A

use of sonar
use of codebreaking

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18
Q

what was operation Barbarossa

A

German invasion of the Soviet Union

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19
Q

what caused a rise in tension between the USSR and Germany

A

USSR wanted bases in the baltic (denmark and norway)

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20
Q

what were the key german miscalculations concerning the Soviet military

A

Russian industrial capacity
Russian supply of troops and military equipment
Russian weather in fall and winter
Assumption concerning uprising of Russian people against russian government

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21
Q

when did operation barbarossa begin

A

june 22 1941

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22
Q

what was the impact of russian fall and winter on operation barbarossa

A

rain and snow generally slowed german movements (hurt the ability for blitzkrieg)
germans were not prepared for winter war
(30-40% of soldiers developed frostbite or typhus)

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23
Q

what were the three divisions of operation Barbarossa and what were their goals

A

north division: seize lenningrad
central division: seize moscow
south division: seize kyiv and then turn south toward the black sea

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24
Q

why was the battle of stalingrad important

A

marked the end of the german advance into the soviet union
shifted the tide of the war in favor of the allies

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25
Q

why was stalingrad a key target

A

transportation and communication hub
would significantly damage soviet morale
it would serve as a starting point for germany to launch its invasion into the oil feilds of the caucusess

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26
Q

describe operation blue

A

German advance into Russia in summer of 1942
split forces (one to Stalingrad one to the oil fields of the caucuses)

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27
Q

what was Hitler’s key mistake with operation blue

A

he split his forces

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28
Q

what is rattlekreig? describe where and the situation surrounding it

A

at the battle of stalingrad, the luftwaffe decimated most of the city to rubble so the soviet forces were forced to run around in the rubble and fight (compared to rats)

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29
Q

who was Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov and why is he important

A

Russian commander in charge of defense of Stalingrad
led the counteroffensive out of Stalingrad
adopted strategies at Stalingrad that slowed German advancement (positioned his troops close to German troops to lessen the appeal for combined arms attacks)

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30
Q

General von Paulus

A

German commander at the battle of Stalingrad

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31
Q

who was the soviet commander at the battle of stalingrad

A

Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov

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32
Q

who was the german commander at the battle of stalingrad

A

General von Paulus

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33
Q

what was operation uranus

A

soviet counter offensive that won the battle of stalingrad, drove the germans out of the caucus region and encircled 200,000 german troops

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34
Q

General Georgi Zhukov

A

chief of soviet general staff
won the battle of khalkin gol
oversaw the whole of russian defense

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35
Q

oradur sur glan

A

massacre of French civilians at the hands of German SS
4 days after d-day

36
Q

Lidice massacre

A

czech resistance killed nazi puppet governor Heydrich
in retaliation the entire village of lidice was razed with most people being killed or sent to concentration camps

37
Q

what is the concept of lebensraum and how does it relate to german attrocities

A

those in eastern europe were to be eliminated because they were in the way of “living space”

38
Q

heinrich himmler

A

leader in the nazi party
leader of the SS
main architect of the holocaust

39
Q

Einsatzgruppen

A

mobile killing squads
responsible for mass murder in Germany and Eastern Europe
murdered or enslaved civilians to make room for germans

40
Q

where was the final solution to the jewish problem decided on

A

wansee conference of 1942

41
Q

Sonderkommandos

A

Jewish concentration camp workers tasked with disposing of dead bodies

42
Q

what were the main killing concentration camps

A

Auschwitz-Birkenaw,
Treblinka,
Sobibor,
Maidenek

43
Q

what were the main killing concentration camps (4)

A

Auschwitz-Birkenaw,
Treblinka,
Sobibor,
Maidenek

44
Q

what was the name of the gas used in the gas chambers

A

zyklon b

45
Q

“Arbeit Macht Frei”

A

work will set you free
slogan at the concentration camps
camp members held on to desperate hope they might be freed if they obeyed

46
Q

alfred rosenburg

A

key nazi theorist that would encourage extermination of the jews

47
Q

skip

A

first battle of the western desert campaign (operation compass)
victory for the British against the Italians in northern Africa

48
Q

erwin rommel

A

german commander of the afrika korps
the desert fox

49
Q

what was the afrika korps and what was their main goal

A

the afrika korps was the german army division in northern africa tasked with retaking northern africa and the suez cannal after the Italians had been defeated by the British

50
Q

what were the four key factors that led to British success at the battle of el-alamaine

A

Italian morale issues
Rommels supply lines were exceedingly long
the british navy had a strong presence in the mediterainian and kept sinking rommels supply ships
hitler saw North Africa as a sideshow and did not emphasize the north africa front

51
Q

who was “monty” and what did he do

A

after british forces were pushed back to El-Alamain, he regrouped them with a strong focus on morale
he won the battle of El-Alamain and forced Rommel to retreat
eventually won northern africa for the allies

52
Q

where was the british 8th army, who was their commander, and why are they important

A

North Africa
Monty
won the battle of El-Alamain and northern africa

53
Q

what was the name of the joint Anglo-US north africa invasion, what were the goals, who led the invasion, and what were the three landing points

A

operation torch landings

54
Q

what was the goal of operation torch landing

A

totally control northern africa to then utilize the soft underbelly strategy

55
Q

what were the three landing points of operation torch landing

A

oran
cassablanca
algiers

56
Q

what were german 88s

A

the most effective anti tank and anti aircraft weapons of the entire war

57
Q

why was victory at el-alemain crucial

A

prevent german takeover of the suez canal
led the offensive that would take over northern africa, an important part in the soft underbelly strategy

58
Q

Mareth Line

A

a defensive line in northern africa created by the vichy french forces in tunsia

59
Q

Kasserine Pass

A

where the americans first tasted loss at the hands of Erwin Rommel
demonstrated the strategic genius of rommel

60
Q

what were the four main factors that led to anti semitism in Europe

A

jewish people were more involved in commerce compared to the average person (were originally not trusted to grow or prepare food)
law of kosher kept jewish people cleaner and less susceptible to the black death
jews were considered christ killers
jewish people looked different

61
Q

what was operation husky

A

allied invasion of sicily

62
Q

why was sicily attacked

A

it was a stepping stone to reach mainland italy

63
Q

what was a key factor aiding in allied victory at Sicily

A

the axis forces thought the allies were attacking elsewhere

64
Q

in terms of the italian government, what happened during and after the successful allied invasion of sicily

A

benito mussoulini was overthrown and the Italians began to sue for peace
(the germans would still stay and fight in italy)

65
Q

messina

A

the target city that marked the conquest of sicily
patton and monty raced to get there

66
Q

what was the gustav line and describe its geographic location

A

the stongest line of german defenses in italy market with turrets, fortresses, cannons, trenches etc etc
it stretched from coast to coast along the mountains with monte cassino in the center and the strongest point of fortification

67
Q

why did the allies land at anzio

A

failure to breach the gustav line

68
Q

what was the battle of anzio and what was the goal

A

amphibious landing by the allies behind the gustav line with the goal to reach rome

69
Q

how did the battle of anzio play out

A

caught the germans by suprise
resulted in a stalemate
eventually allies prevailed and met up with troops from the south that had broken through the gustav line

70
Q

what happened in rome june 4th 1944

A

allies captured rome unopposed

71
Q

gothic line

A

the final line of german fortifications north of rome

72
Q

when was the beginning of operation Barbarossa

A

June 22, 1941

73
Q

Pearl Harbor date

A

Dec 7, 1941

74
Q

what was eagle day

A

the beginning of concentrated attacks on british airfeilds

75
Q

eagle day date

A

August 13, 1940

76
Q

what day did the germans shift their air attack to focus on london

A

Sept. 7, 1940

77
Q

Doolittle raid date

A

Apr. 18, 1942

78
Q

what was the doolittle raid and why was it significant

A

B-25 bombers were modified to be able to be launched off aircraft carriers
bomb strikes on industrial centers in japan including tokoyo

79
Q

date of final resistance at stalingrad

A

Feb. 2, 1943

80
Q

date of torch landings

A

nov 8 1942

81
Q

12 day Battle of El Alamein
Begins

A

Oct. 23, 1942

82
Q

what were the 4 reasons the allies adopted the soft underbelly strategy

A

italy would be a much easier route compared to france (italians more easily defeated)
the atlantic coast is heavily defended
british need to remain in control of oil in iraq and iran
the british need to remain in control of the suez canal

83
Q

what were the driving factors to join resistance groups in occupied europe

A

patriotism
anti-occupier sentiment
humanitarian beliefs

84
Q

why did the japanese attack pearl harbor

A

wanted to knock out americas pacific fleet
the japanese were pissed that the americans banned japanese immigration

85
Q

despite the loss of life, why was the attack on pearl harbor not as successful as it may seem (3)

A

missed the dry docks (boats could be rapidly repaired)
missed the 4 aircraft carriers
missed the oil

86
Q

what were the four outcomes of pearl harbor

A

the sinking of battle ships made way for an emphasis on naval aviation
stimulated american production
hitler immediately declared war on the us
created mass support for the american war effort

HSTR 352 History of the French Revolution (11 decks)

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