Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PO101 > PS101 > Flashcards

PS101 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Four D’s used to define abnormal behavior?

A

Deviance: Thoughts or emotions outside cultural norms.
Danger: Behavior that increases risk of harm to self or others.
Distress: Intense negative emotional reaction not matching the situation.
Dysfunction: Behavior interfering with daily functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is diagnosing psychological disorders important?

A

To make decisions about treatment and understand the cause of psychological symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the DSM-V, and what does it provide?

A

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th Edition) is a comprehensive description of over 350 mental disorders.
Includes symptoms, diagnosis, and prognosis for disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some critiques of the DSM-V?

A

Calls too many people “disordered.”
The border between normal and abnormal is arbitrary.
Includes value judgments about behavior (e.g., is depression always deviant?).
Labels influence how we view behavior and mental states.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the five leading models of abnormal behavior.

A

Neuroscience model
Psychodynamic approaches
Cognitive-behavioral approaches
Socio-cultural approaches
Developmental psychopathology approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the neuroscience model attribute abnormal functioning to?

A

Structural or biochemical brain malfunctions.
Causes include:
Genetic inheritance
Abnormal neurotransmitter levels
Viral infections
Hormonal imbalances
Brain structure abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do psychodynamic approaches suggest about abnormal functioning?

A

Abnormal functioning stems from unconscious conflicts, often rooted in childhood.
Involves defense mechanisms and fixations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do cognitive-behavioral approaches explain abnormal functioning?

A

A mix of conditioning, modeling, and cognitive processes.
Behavioral perspective: Classical and operant conditioning.
Cognitive perspective: Maladaptive thinking, such as selective perception, magnification, and overgeneralization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do psychodynamic approaches focus on?

A

Unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood, including defense mechanisms and fixations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do cognitive-behavioral approaches explain abnormality?

A

Behavioral perspective: Classical and operant conditioning.
Cognitive perspective: Maladaptive thinking (e.g., selective perception, magnification, overgeneralization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are examples of mood disorders?

A

Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What characterizes major depressive disorder?

A

Persistent sadness, loss of interest, and impaired daily functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What characterizes bipolar disorder?

A

Alternating periods of depression and mania.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name some anxiety disorders.

A

Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobias
Social anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What characterizes generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a phobia?

A

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Positive symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech.
Negative symptoms: Flat affect, reduced speech, social withdrawal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

A

Suggests schizophrenia is linked to excess dopamine activity in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are somatic symptom disorders?

A

Psychological disorders where physical symptoms have no medical explanation but cause distress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis) without medical cause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name some dissociative disorders.

A

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Dissociative amnesia
Depersonalization/derealization disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A

Presence of two or more distinct personality states within an individual.

23
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experience that deviate from cultural norms and impair functioning.

24
Q

Name clusters of personality disorders.

A

Cluster A: Odd/eccentric (e.g., paranoid personality disorder)
Cluster B: Dramatic/emotional (e.g., borderline personality disorder)
Cluster C: Anxious/fearful (e.g., avoidant personality disorder)

25
Q

What are the main types of therapy?

A

Biological treatments
Psychodynamic therapies
Behavioral therapies
Cognitive-behavioral therapies
Humanistic and existential therapies

26
Q

What are biological treatments?

A

Interventions like medication, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and brain stimulation targeting physical causes.

27
Q

What is the goal of psychodynamic therapy?

A

To uncover unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences influencing current behavior.

28
Q

What are behavior therapies based on?

A

Learning principles like classical and operant conditioning to modify maladaptive behaviors.

29
Q

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?

A

Combines cognitive restructuring with behavioral techniques to change thoughts and behaviors.

30
Q

What are humanistic therapies focused on?

A

Helping clients achieve personal growth and self-actualization.

31
Q

Does therapy work?

A

Studies show therapy can significantly reduce symptoms and improve functioning for many disorders.

32
Q

What are the two main types of treatments for psychological disorders?

A

Psychotherapy: Interactive experience with a trained professional to change behavior, thinking, relationships, and emotions.
Biological therapy: Use of medications and procedures acting directly on the body to reduce symptoms.

33
Q

What percentage of North Americans will seek therapy in their lifetime?

A

30%.

34
Q

What are the most common reasons people seek therapy?

A

Anxiety and depression (3/4 of therapy seekers).

35
Q

What are common barriers preventing people from seeking therapy?

A

Stigma about mental illness.
Lack of confidence that treatment will help.

36
Q

Who are the main types of clinicians providing therapy?

A

Clinical psychologists
Psychiatrists
Counsellors
Social workers

37
Q

How do biological treatments affect the brain?

A

Change brain chemistry with medications.
Affect brain circuitry with electrical/magnetic impulses or surgery.

38
Q

What are the four main types of psychotropic drugs?

A

Anti-anxiety drugs
Antidepressants
Mood stabilizers
Antipsychotics

39
Q

What are anti-anxiety drugs designed to do?

A

Reduce anxiety without affecting alertness or concentration.

40
Q

Examples of anti-anxiety drugs?

A

Valium, Xanax, Prozac.

41
Q

How do anti-anxiety drugs work?

A

Slow down excitatory synaptic activity and enhance inhibitory GABA.

42
Q

Common side effects of anti-anxiety drugs?

A

Drowsiness, lethargy, dependence.

43
Q

What are the three types of antidepressants?

A

MAO inhibitors
Tricyclics
SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

44
Q

How do antidepressants work?

A

Increase serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels.

45
Q

Examples of antidepressants?

A

Elavil, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft.

46
Q

What is the purpose of mood stabilizers?

A

Improve intense mood shifts (e.g., in bipolar disorder).

47
Q

Example of a mood stabilizer?

A

Lithium (Lithonate).

48
Q

What are common issues with lithium?

A

Serious side effects during use.

49
Q

What are antipsychotics designed to treat?

A

Reduce symptoms of schizophrenia, especially ‘positive’ symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.

50
Q

How do antipsychotics work?

A

Decrease dopamine activity.

51
Q

Examples of antipsychotics?

A

Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal.

52
Q

Common side effects of antipsychotics?

A

Obesity, diabetes, movement problems (e.g., tardive dyskinesia).

53
Q
A

PO101 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions