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SAM II > Prurtitis part 1 > Flashcards

Prurtitis part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pruritis

A

Sensation of skin that provokes the urge to scratch

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2
Q

True or False: pruritic skin looks the same in most cases

A

True

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3
Q

General causes of pruritis

A

Allergens, Ectoparasites, infections

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4
Q

Allergens causing pruritis include

A

Flea bite allergy

Atopic dermatitis

Cutanous adverse food reaction

Insect bite hypersensitivity/ contact dermatitis

Vaccine/ drugs/ heat and cold/ sunlight/ stress

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5
Q

Ectoparasite causes of pruritis

A

Sarcoptes

Demodecosis (can have secondary pyoderma)

Cheyletiella

Lice

Chiggers

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6
Q

Infections that can cause pruritis

A

Pyoderma- bacterial infections

Dermatophytosis

Yeasts

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7
Q

Pruritis in caudal dorsum

A

Flea allergy

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8
Q

Feet licking, chewing would suggest

A

Food allergy or atopy

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9
Q

Elbow and ear pruritis

A

Sarcoptic mange

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10
Q

Seasonal causes of pruritis

A

Flea allergy

Atopy

Insect allergy

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11
Q

Diseases that are extremely pruritic

A

Scabies

Flea bite allergy

Food allergy

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12
Q

If the pruritis comes before a lesion, consider these diseases first

A

Allergies

Scabies

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13
Q

If lesions appear before pruritis, consider these diseases

A

Demodecosis

Dermatophytosis

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14
Q

How often should pruritis be re-assessed

A

1-2 weeks after starting treatment

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15
Q

Pathogenesis for flea allergy dermatitis

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

most common allergic skin condition

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16
Q

Clinical signs of flea allergic dermatitis

A

Lumbo-sacral distribution

Pruritic crusting eruption and secondary erythema, seborrhea, alopecia, excoriation, pyoderma, hyperpigmentation and lichenification

Fleas and fle dirt are found

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17
Q

Cats with flea allergic dermatitis can present with

A

miliary dermatitis

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18
Q

Do fleas or flea dirt have to be present for FAD

A

No

It can sometimes take only one flea bite to set off the allergic reaction

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19
Q

Why would a dog/ cat not have fleas on them in a case of FAD

A

Excessive grooming

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20
Q

What ages are most common for FAD

A

can happen at any age, but 61% of dogs show signs between 1 and 3 years

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21
Q

Describe the Flea antigen test

A

Intradermal

3 injections- negative control, positive control and flea allergen

22
Q

Does a negative elevated serum flea allergen specific IgE rule out FAD

A

No!

23
Q

Treatment for FAD

A

Flea eradiacation

24
Q

Advantage spot on

A

Imidacloprid and moxidectin

Kills adult fleas before they lay eggs and prevents eggs from being shed

25
Q

Revolution spot on

A

Selamectin

kills adult fleas and prevents eggs from hatching

26
Q

Frontline Plus

A

fipronil and methoprene

27
Q

Vectra 3D spot on

A

Dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen an IGR

Prevents development of flea eggs and larva

28
Q

Promeris spot on

A

Metaflumizone and amitraz

Kills fleas

29
Q

Percentage of adults, pupae, larvae and eggs

A

Adults= 5%

Pupae= 10%

Larvae= 35%

Eggs = 50%

30
Q

Do more flea eggs live on the pet or in the environment

A

Environment = 95%

31
Q

Home cleaning for fleas

A

Vaccuum with disposal of the bag away from the house

wash animal bedding in hot water weekly and dry for 20 min on high heat

steam clean rugs and carpets

32
Q

Yard cleaning for fleas

A

Fleas survive and reproduce in shaded moist areas with plants and organic debris

aka get rid of yard debris

33
Q

Atopy is

A

Allergic dermatitis

34
Q

Atopy can be caused by

A

hypersensitivity to aeroallergens

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

35
Q

Clinical signs of Atopy

A

Pruritis

Can be chronic or replasing/ seasonal

Usual onset between 4 months to 7 yrs

Paws, face, distal extremeties, elbows, ventrum, otitis externa

36
Q

Allergy tests (serum or intradermal) detect…

A

Allergen specific IgE

Raised and disease= allergy

Raised with no disease= subclinical hypersensitivity

37
Q

What should be avoided before intradermal testing

A

antihistamines and essential fatty acids for two weeks before

oral or topical steroids for one month

no baths for 5 days

38
Q

Therapies for Atopy

A

ASIT ( allergen specific immunotherapy)

Allergen avoidance

Symptomatic relief

39
Q

ASIT cna be performed in two ways…

A

Subcutaneous where you increase the dose and concentration slowly

sublingual twice daily

40
Q

Best meds for atopy symptomatic relief

A

Glucocorticoids

Cyclosporine A

Oclacitinib

Medium evidence for skin lipid therapy

41
Q

Distadvantages to corticosteroids

A

PU/PD/PP and weight gain

Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism

Iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism in withdrawn suddenly

less effective over time

more susceptible ot infections

urinary incontinence

temperment and behavior changes

42
Q

Cyclosporine A (Atopica)

A

Very effective for atopy

anti-allergic and immunosuppressive

43
Q

Oclacitinib (Apoquel)

A

JAK 1 and JAK 3 inhibitor

Decreases inflammation and itching

44
Q

Fatty acids canbe used for atopy because

A

The form arachidonic acid whic can cause less inflammation

45
Q

Which test is best to identify known environmental allergens causing atopy after performing your inital dermatological examination?

A

Intradermal allergy test

46
Q

Most common cause of pruritis in a 4 month old dog

A

Flea bite dermatitis

47
Q

Atopic dermatitis is caused by

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

48
Q

Which is the second most common cause of allergic dermatitis in a four month old puppy

A

Food allergens

49
Q

Which of the following does not show fair to strong evidence to control pruritis in an atopic dog

A

Antihistamines

50
Q

Which product would give local and environmental control in a dog with flea allergic dermatitis

A

Advantage (imidocloprid)

51
Q

An owner has decided on intradermal allergy testing and hyposensitization. Qhat percentage of dogs have good to excellent control of atopic dermatitis with hyposensitization?

A

50%

52
Q
A

SAM II (12 decks)

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