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SAM II > Pruritis part 2 > Flashcards

Pruritis part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Food Allergic dermatitis will look identical to

A

Atopy

food is just a trigger

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2
Q

Food allergy/ hypersensitivity causes…

Dietary intolerance causes…

Food anaphylaxis causes…

A

Immune response

no immune response

systemic involvement

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3
Q

Clinical signs for adverse food reactions

A

Vomitting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, bloat

derm signs

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4
Q

Non immunological dietary intolerances

A

Food idiosyncrasy

food poisoning

Pharmacological reaction

Food indescretion (AKA Mac)

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5
Q

Acute food allergy can cause

A

Respiratory distress

Vascular collapse

Urticaria

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6
Q

Food allergies and hypersensitivities are frequent or rare?

A

Rare

Only 1% of dermatoses

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7
Q

Most food antigens are

A

Proteins

Glycoproteins

Most common is beef protein

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8
Q

Majoity of allegens in dogs are

A

66% Beef, dairy products and wheat

25% chicken eggs, lamb and soy

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9
Q

Majority of food allergens in cats are

A

80% beef, dairy products and fish

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10
Q

Cell mediated immunity

A

T lymphocyte activation

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11
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes, plasma cells and immunoglobulins

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12
Q

T1 helper cells produce

A

activate the cell mediate response

IL-2, IFN gamma, TNF-B

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13
Q

T2 helper cells

A

acitivate the humoral response

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10

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14
Q

Types of food hypersensitivies

A

Type 1- most common, IgE

Type 4- macrophage related

Type 3- Rare- Antigen-antibody complexes

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15
Q

In Type 1, IgE binds to

A

Mast cells which release histamines, proteases, chemotactic factors, prostaglandins, luekotrienes and cytokines

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16
Q

Type 1 CS

A

Pruritis

Hyperemia

Angioedema

Diarrhea, abdominal discomfort/ bloating, comitting

Possible anaphylactic reaction and respiratory distress

17
Q

Type 4 CS

A

Granulomatous reactions

18
Q

At what age do you typical see food sensitivities

A

50% are less than 1 year of age

after 6 months, food allergy is more common than atopy

19
Q

Primary lesions with food allergies

A

Papules

Erythema

Wheals

Plaques and pustules

20
Q

Secondary lesions with food allergies

A

Excoritations

Crusting

Hyperpigmentation

Lichenification

Ulcers due to deep scratches

21
Q

Dogs with food allergies show signs on what body parts

A

Muzzle

Ears- otitis external

Distal limbs

Paws- interdigital spaces

Axillae

Groin

22
Q

Cats show clinical signs of food allergies on what part of their bodies

A

Head and face

Pinnae

Neck

23
Q

How do you diagnose a food allergy

A

Positive response to an elimination diet

95% of dogs improve in 3 weeks

24
Q

Is intradermal skin testing accurate or inaccurate for food allergies

A

Inaccurate

low sensitivity

25
Q

Problems with ELISA as a test for food allergy

A

High sensisitvity but low specificity

will show positive results to normal anigens

26
Q

Colonoscopy allergen provocation involves

A

Allergens injected into the mucosa of the colon

Looking for wheal and flare reactions

teachnically challenging and expensive

27
Q

Proper diets for dogs with food allergies should be

A

Novel and free of additives

28
Q

Three options of diets for dogs with food allergies

A

Low allergic commercial diet

homemade hypoallergenic diet

hydrolyzed protien diet

29
Q

For homemade diets, which two ingredients seem to be the least allergenic

A

Tofu and brown rice

30
Q

Hydrolyzed protein diets

A

break proteins into smaller pieces so that they are less antigenic

can make the food unpalatable- bitter- but most animals are fine with it

31
Q

How many antihistamines should be used before failure to antihistamines can be said?

A

minimum of 3

32
Q

Urticaria and angioedema

A

wheals, odematous swelling

dyspnea, anaphylactic shock

Use antihistamines and injectable steroids

33
Q

Contact dermatitis

A

type 4 hypersensitivity

prolonged exposure with offending surface

extremely rare dermatosis

34
Q

Contact dermatitis clinical signs

A

intense pruritis

hairless area

lips if the food bowl is the offending cause

neck lesions if the collar is the problem

35
Q

contact dermatitis deiagnosis

A

Rule out differentials

Patch test

Histopathology

36
Q

Contact dermatitis treatment

A

identify offending allergen

Usually poor response to steroid response

SAM II (12 decks)

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