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SAM II > Ophthalmic examination > Flashcards

Ophthalmic examination Flashcards

1
Q

OD

A

Right eye

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2
Q

OS

A

left eye

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3
Q

OU

A

Both eyes

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4
Q

Iridodonesis

A

movement of the iris. This finding is usually supportive of lens instability

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5
Q

Photopic

A

in a well-lit environment

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6
Q

Scotopic

A

in a dark environment

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7
Q

Retroillumination

A

using light that is shone into the eye to reflect against internal structures and highlight normal/abnormal features during the ophthalmic exam

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8
Q

Keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea. Most commonly evident by the presence of corneal ulceration, corneal infiltrate, or blood vessels

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9
Q

Neurotrophic keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea (keratitis) that is caused by lack of sensory innervation (ophthalmic branch of CN V)

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10
Q

Retropulsion

A

applying light pressure to both eyes (through the eyelids) simultaneously with your index finger to detect for asymmetry. This is a useful test for detecting disease of the orbit or space occupying disease behind the globe

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11
Q

Corneal ulceration

A

Disruption of the corneal epithelium and exposure of the corneal stroma

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12
Q

Positive Jones test

A

Application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface which then appears at the nares. This is a test of nasolacrimal patency

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13
Q

Epiphora

A

Excessive tearing causing spill over onto the eyelids

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14
Q

Positive Seidel test

A

Application of fluorescein dye to the ocular surface and subsequent appearance of aqueous humor leaking through dense fluorescein stain. This test confirms corneal perforation

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15
Q

Uveitis

A

defined as a breakdown of the blood ocular barrier

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16
Q

Glaucoma

A

Vision loss that occurs from optic nerve damage as a result of high intraocular pressure

17
Q

Adnexa

A

all extraocular structures that support and are associated with the eyeball.

18
Q

Phthisis bulbi

A

An abnormally small, shrunken eye. Typically the result of chronic/severe ocular inflammation

19
Q

Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

20
Q

Retained spectacle

A

a reptile phenomenon in which the epidermal lining of the cornea (spectacle) does not shed appropriately during the shedding cycle (ecdysis)

21
Q

Buphthalmos

A

Literally means “cows eye” but refers to the abnormal enlargement of the eyeball. For practical purposes, buphthalmosis only caused by glaucoma. The size is abnormal, the position is normal.

22
Q

Pseudobuphthalmos

A

the illusion of globe enlargement caused by a retained spectacle

23
Q

Specular reflection

A

the mirror-like reflection of light from the surface of the eye. Can be used to assess the health of the ocular surface. This reflection becomes disturbed when the surface is irregular

24
Q

Corneal neovascularization

A

New blood vessel growth into the cornea. This is a classic sign of keratitis and is divided into superficial and deep categories

25
Q

Aqueous flare

A

proteins suspended in the anterior chamber that become evident when a narrow, bright and focused light source is directed at the eye. This is a pathognomonic sign of uveitis. Flare is typically graded on a scale of 0 (no flare) to 4+ (dense enough to obscure the iris and lens)

26
Q

Hyphema

A

Blood in the anterior chamber. Supportive of uveitis or bleeding disorder

27
Q

Aqueous misdirection syndrome

A

An uncommon form of feline glaucoma in which aqueous humor is shunted to the vitreous chamber causing a forward displacement of the lens and iris, narrowing the anterior chamber and increasing intraocular pressure

28
Q

Heterochromia iridis

A

Alternating color of the iris of one eye or between eyes. A normal finding. Laytermsinclude ‘wall eye’, ‘watch eye’, or ‘china eye’

29
Q

Miosis

A

A small/constricted pupil

30
Q

Mydriasis

A

a large/dilated pupil

31
Q

Iris bombe

A

360 degree posterior synechiasuch that the iris bulges forward and contours to a doughnut-like shape. A common sequela of uveitis and a risk factor for glaucoma as this impairs the normal aqueous drainage within the eye

32
Q

Posterior synechia

A

Adhesion between the iris and lens

33
Q

Asteroid hyalosis

A

Calcium and phosphate crystals. A sign of vitrealdegeneration. Unknown causes but thought to be clinically insignificant in most cases

34
Q

Retinal detachment

A

Most often refers to a separation of the inner, 9-layered ‘neurosensory retina’ from the outermost layer of the retina, the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). Divided into rhegmatogenousand non-rhegmatogenous(bullous) categories,

35
Q

Rhegmatogenousretinal detachment

A

refers to a retinal tear. Caused either by pulling or tearing forces. Pulling is usually caused by scar tissue contraction. Tearing is usually caused by trauma.

36
Q

Non-rhegmatogenous(Bullous) retinal detachment

A

Caused by disruption of the blood retinal barrier and hematogenousleakage/infiltration of the potential space between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigmented epithelium

37
Q
A

SAM II (12 decks)

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