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SAM II > Dermatology Introduction > Flashcards

Dermatology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

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2
Q

Primary derm lesion

A

Initial eruption develops spontaneously as a direct reflection of the underlying disease

appears quickly and disappears quickly

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3
Q

Secondary dermatology lesions

A

Evolve from primary lesions or are artefacts induced by external factors (trauma, licking and medication)

Usually stay around for a longer time period

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4
Q

Primary lesions

A

Macules, papules, pustules, vesicles, wheal, nodule, tumor, cyst

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5
Q

Primary or secondary skin lesions

A

Alopecia, scale, crust, follicular casts, comedo, pigmentary abnormalities

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6
Q

Secondary skin lesions

A

Epidermal collarette, scar, excoriation, erosion, fissure, lichenification, callus

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7
Q

Macule

A

Flat spot less than 1 cm on skin with change in skin color

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8
Q

Patch

A

Macule larger than 1 cm

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9
Q

Purpura, petechial, ecchymoses

A

Type of macule caused by bleeding into the skin

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10
Q

Papule

A

Small, solid elevation in skin up to 1 cm in diameter

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11
Q

Plaque

A

Coalition of papules forming flattopped elevation

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12
Q

Pustule

A

Small elevation of the epidermis filled with pus

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13
Q

Vesicle

A

Elevation of the epidermis filled with clear fluid

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14
Q

Bulla

A

Vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter

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15
Q

Wheal

A

Sharply delineated lesion of edema

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16
Q

Nodule

A

Solid raised palpable lesion greater than 1 cm

Can include absecess

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17
Q

Cyst

A

Epithelial lined cavity with solid or fluid material

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18
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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19
Q

Scale

A

Accumulation of loose fragments of horny skin layer

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20
Q

Crust

A

Accumulation of dried serum, exudate on the surface of skin

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21
Q

Follicular casts

A

Accumulation of keratin and sebaceous material stuck to a hair shaft

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22
Q

Comedone

A

Dilated hair follicle filled with debris

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23
Q

Epidermal collarette

A

Scale arranged in circular pattern

Associated with pustule, vesicle or bulla

24
Q

Scar

A

Fibrous tissue has replaced damaged dermis or s/c tissue

25
Q

Excoriation

A

Linear abrasion of the skin

26
Q

Erosion

A

Shallow ulcer that does not break the basal layer

27
Q

Ulcer

A

Break in epidermis with exposure of dermis

28
Q

Fissure

A

Linear cleavage (cracks) in the epidermis or dermis caused by disease or injury

29
Q

Lichenification

A

Thickening and hardening of the skin

30
Q

Callus

A

Localized hyperplasia of the stratum corenum of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction

elbows and lateral hock areas are common sites for callus formation in the dog

31
Q

Superficial skin scrapes are used for

A

Finding skin mites

Sarcoptes, notoedres, otodectes, cheyletiella, demodex gatoi in cats

32
Q

Performing a superficial skin scrape

A

Moisten blade with liquid paraffin or KOH or mineral oil

Scrape a larger area because mites can be few in number

33
Q

If negative for a skin scrape, can you rule out mites?

A

No

34
Q

Deep skin scrapes look for

A

Follicular parasites

Mostly demodex

35
Q

How to perform a deep skin scrape

A

Scrape small focal area with a dulled blade using mineral oil

Induce capillary hemorrhage

Squeeze follicles

Put on a glass slide

10 x mucroscope and lower condenser

36
Q

If a deep skin scrape is negative can you rule out follicular parasites

A

NO

37
Q

Types of hair roots

A

Anagen hair = ball or balloon

Telogen = arrow head

38
Q

What are you looking for in hair plucks

A

Ringworm

Follicle dysplasia

Surface parasites

39
Q

What is a trichogram

A

A hair pluck/ analysis of hair root

40
Q

Acetate tape impression smear

A

Scotch tape test

Place scotch tape onto microslide

Add 1 drop of #3 diff quick to slide

Looking to see bacteria, fungi and yeast

41
Q

FNA technique

A

21-23 g needle

Attached to 5 ml syringe

Put needle in lesion and aspirate from two sites without pulling hte needle out

Disconnect needle, add air, reattch needle

Put contents on a needle

42
Q

Will woods lamp always show a positive for a M. canis infection

A

No

Only 50% of M. canis strains produce tryptophan metabolites that fluoresce with UV light

43
Q

How long should the Woods lamp be turned on before use

A

5-10 min

44
Q

Can you have a false positive with a Woods lamp

A

Yes

Can be caused by keratin scale, soap, dye and medications

45
Q

Which animals should recieve a fungal culture

A

ALL cats with skin disease

Dogs with inflammatory lesions

46
Q

If the hair shaft is positive under Wood’s lamp, what is the next step

A

Plug hairs for DTM inoculation

47
Q

If nothing fluoresces with a Woods lamp…

A

Use the sterile toothbrush technique

Comb pet with toothbrush to collect hair/scales used to inoculate media

48
Q

DTM tests must be checked

A

EVERY DAY

Non pathogenic fungi will use the protein sources once carbohydrates are exhausted - causing it to turn red

49
Q

Skin biopsy indications

A

Nodules/ tumors

Ulcers/ vesicles

Severe acute generalised disease

Mucosal lesions

Footpad lesions

Lesions unresponsive to normal therapy

50
Q

Skin biopsy steps

A

No prep or scrub

Do not disturb lesions

Gently clip hair

Handle the sample as little as possible

Place into formalin and culture

51
Q

Types of skin biopsy techniques

A

Punch biopsy

Wedge/ excisional biopsy

Amputation- nail or toe

52
Q

Indications for bacterial culture and sensitivity

A

Cytology shows cocci and rods or just rods

Cocci but no response to the right antibiotics given at the right time

Deep pyoderma

Chrinic antibody and glucocorticoid therapy

GSD pyoderma

53
Q

Gold standard test for environmental allergens

A

Intradermal allergy testing

54
Q

Allergy testing with Serology advantages

A

No vet outlay

Quick

No sedation or clipping required

55
Q

Disadvantages of allergy testing

A

No positive control

Only detects circulating IgE

Lab variations

False positives

Grouped allergens/ limited

Can have false negatives

Not reliable for food allergens

56
Q
A

SAM II (12 decks)

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