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Prudent use of antibiotics > Prudent exam, from ppt > Flashcards

Prudent exam, from ppt Flashcards

1
Q

Susceptibility in P. multocida (Cattle)
Tulathromycin:
Gamithromycin:
Tilmicosin:

A

Tulathromycin: 95%
Gamithromycin: 95%
Tilmicosin: 80%

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2
Q 
Lung:Plasma 
Tilmicosin:
Tulathromycin:
Gamithromycin:
Tildipirosin:
A

Tilmicosin: 30-60x
Tulathromycin: 50-180x
Gamithromycin: 480x
Tildipirosin: X

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3
Q

Which mode of action drug should be given IV?

A

Concentration dependent bactericidal agents

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4
Q

Which mode of action drug should be given IM, SC

A

Time dependent bactericidal

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5
Q

Which drugs have bad distribution?

A

Penicillin, cephalosporin, aminoglycoside

Will not penetrate the lungs

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6
Q

Which AB can be used for respiratory diseases in ruminants (M. bovis)

A 
Tulathromycin
Gamithromycin
Tildipirosin
Florfenicol
Fluoroquinolones
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7
Q

Interdigital dermatitis treatment options

A

Zinc/copper sulphate + cationic degergent
Tetracyclines (cattle less susceptible, overuse)
NSAIDs

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8
Q

Which AB can be used for F. necrophorum and anaerobic (Ruminants)

A 
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Tetracycline
Lincomycin
Tylosine
Tulathromycin
Ceftiofur/Cefquinome
Florfenicol
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9
Q

Mild case calf diarrhoea, what AB can be used (PO)

A

Amoxicillin (Main one)
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycoside
Colistin

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10
Q

Severe case calf diarrhoea, what AB can be used (IV)

A

Ceftiofur (High dose)
Amoxicillin (Sheep), Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Fluoroquinolones (Enro and Marbo)

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11
Q

Mastitis, when is the cow at risk?

A

Involution: increased susceptibility to Gr+
Transition: increased susceptibility to Gr-

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12
Q

Systemic treatment of clinical mastitis

A

Fluoroquinolones IV (Marbo, Enro)
Tetracyclines IV
Pot. SA IV

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13
Q

Intramammary treatment of clinical mastitis (staph, Strep. E.coli)

A 
Ampicillin + cloxacillin
Cefalexin, cephapirin
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Cefoperazone
Cefquinome
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14
Q

Which drug groups are off-label in Poultry

A

Gen 3 & 4 Cephalosporins
Gen 1 & 2 Cephalosporins
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid

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15
Q

Which drugs have synergistic effect?

A

Sulphonamide + Trimethoprim
Lincomycin + Spectinomycin
Amoxicillin + Gentamycin

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16
Q

Which narrow spectrum penicillin has good oral bioavailability?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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17
Q

What can we use narrow spectrum penicillins for?

A

Swine erysipelas
Streptococcosis
Fowl cholera

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18
Q

If going off label, what is the WP

A

1,5 times as long WP as the longest for cattle

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19
Q

What can we use broad spectrum penicillins for?

A 
Clostridium
Erysipelas
FIRST CHOICE: Fowl cholera
O. rhinotracheale
Enterococcus
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20
Q

What is the WP for Amoxicillin in poultry?

A

1-2 weeks

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21
Q

Spectinomycin, which bacteria is/are sensitive?

A

Mycoplasma is sensitive

Generally: quick resistance is developed

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22
Q

What can we use tetracyclines for?

A

Fowl cholera
O. rhinotracheale
Mycoplasmosis
Bordetella avium

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23
Q

What can we use Macrolides for?

A 
C. perfringens
E. rhusiopathiae
Staphylococcus spp.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum and synoviae
O. rhinotracheale
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24
Q

Which bacteria has almost total resistance against Macrolides?

A

Pasteurella multocida

E. coli

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25
Q

What can we use Lincosamides for?

A

Mycoplasmosis
C. perfringens
Staphylococcosis

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26
Q

What can we use Pleuromutilins for?

A

Mycoplasmosis (Tiamulin)

O. rhinotracheale

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27
Q

Pleuromutilins are incompatible with:

A

Ionophores

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28
Q

Can we use Chloramphenicol in food producing animals?

A

NO!

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29
Q

What can we use Florfeniol for?

A

Mycoplasmosis
Respiratory infections (Ornithobacterium)
Fowl cholera
E. coli

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30
Q

Which side effects can you get using Pot. SA?

A

Bone marrow suppression

Vitamin K deficiency

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31
Q

What can we use Pot. SA for?

A

P. multocida
B. avium

Not effecting against Mycoplasma!

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32
Q

What can we use Fluoroquinolones for?

A

Only if nothing else

E. coli, Mycoplasma spp (CRD)
Fowl cholera
A. paragallinarum
B. avium

33
Q

Which bacteria is/are frequently resistance against Fluoroquinolones?

A

O. rhinotracheale

E. coli (More resistance in poultry than in swine)

34
Q 
E. coli sensitivity test in poultry!
Amoxicillin: 
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid: 
Aminoglycosides:
Colistin: 
Tetracycline: 
Florfenicol: 
Pot. SA: 
Fluoroquinolone:
A 
Amoxicillin: 40-70%
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid: 1-10%
Aminoglycosides: 20-30%
Colistin: 5%
Tetracycline: 40-90%
Florfenicol: <10%
Pot. SA: 25-40%
Fluoroquinolone: 60-80%
35
Q

Which AB can be used against P. multocida (Fowl cholera)

A

Amoxicillin
Florfenicol
Doxycycline
Pot. SA

(Enrofloxacin, tylvalosin)

36
Q

Which AB can be used against O. rhinotracheale

A

Amoxicilline
Doxycycline
Florfenicol

(Tylosin, tilmicosine, tylvalosine)

37
Q

Which AB cannot be used against O. rhinotracheale

A

Pot. SA

Fluoroquinolone

38
Q

Which AB can be used against Clostridium perfringens

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

Amoxicillin, tylosin, lincomycin

39
Q

Which AB can be used against diarrhoea (E. coli) in piglets? (usually a peak right after weaning)

A 
Gentamycin
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Florfenicol
Ceftiofur
Cefquinome
Enrofloxacin
Colistin
40
Q

Which AB can be used against Proliferative enteritis (Lawsonia intracellularis)

A 
Tylosin
Lincomycin
Tiamulin
Tylvalosin
Valnemulin
41
Q

Which AB can be used against Dysentery (B. hyodysenteriae)

A

Lincomycin
Tiamulin
Tylvalosin
Valnemulin

42
Q

Which AB can be used against polyserositis (Streptococcus suis, Haemphilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis)

A

Florfenicol (is the best choice, works on all three)

Doxycycline, Enrofloxacin

43
Q

Which AB can be used against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

A

Tylvalosin
Tulathromycin
Tiamulin
Valnemulin

(Doxycycline, lincomycin, Linco-specin)

44
Q

Which AB can be used against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

Ceftiofur
Cefquinome
Florfenicol
Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin

(Doxycycline, Tilmicosin, Tiamulin, Tulathromycin)

45
Q

Which AB can be used against Staphylococcus hyicus

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (Amoxicillin alone will not work)
Tylosin
Lincomycin
Pot. SA

46
Q

Which AB can be used against Erysipelas

A

Amoxicillin

Penicillin

47
Q

Which AB can be used against Pyoderma (S. pseudointermedius)

A

Oxacillin
meticillin
Cephalosporins
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid

NB! MRSP/MRSA

48
Q

Which AB can be used against Pyoderma (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) Shampoo

A

Chlorhexidine

If deep: Benzoyl perixide

49
Q

Which AB can be used against Pyoderma local AB

A

Aminoglycosides (Neomycin, gentamycin)

Macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin)

50
Q

Which AB can be used against deep Pyoderma systemic AB

A

1st line: Lactamase stable beta-lactams & Lincosamides
2nd line: Fluoroquinolones
3rd line: Macrolides

51
Q

1st line against deep pyoderma:

A 
Cephalosporins: Cefalexin
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Cefovecin (rather 2nd line)
Lincosamides (75-80% sensitivity)
Pot. SA
52
Q

2nd line against deep pyoderma

A 
Fluoroquinolones: Enro, marbo, cipro, prado
Local: Mupriocin and Fusidic acid
Rifampicin (Combination!)
Amizacin
Florfenicol
53
Q

3rd line against deep pyoderma

A

Macrolides (Azithromyxin, clarithromycin)
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin

54
Q

Duration for pyoderma

A

AB should be given at least 3-4 weeks

55
Q

Duration for deep pyoderma

56
Q

Which AB can be used against local staphylococcus otitis

A 
Gentamycin
Polymyxin B
Orbifloxacin
Marbofloxacin
Florfenicol
57
Q

Which AB can be used against pseudomonas otitis

A

Chlorhexidine
Local: Gentamycin, tobramycin, polymyxin B, marbofloxacin
Systemic: GC, Ciprofloxacin, marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin

58
Q

Which AB can be used against Malassezia otitis

A

Local: Chlorhexidine, thiabendazole, miconazone, clotrimazole, posaconazole, terbinafine
Systemic: Ketoconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine

59
Q

Which AB to use against septic mastitis

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + enrofloxacin

60
Q

Which AB to use against non-septic mastitis

A

Gr+: Clindamycin, macrolides

Gr-: Fluoroquinolones

61
Q

Which AB to use against pharyngitis, tonsillitis (Streptococcus spp.)

A

Penicillin

Acute –> chronic: Penicillinm Cepahlosporin (1st gen), macrolides

62
Q

Which AB to use against rhinitis

A 
Acute: self healing
Chronic: 4 weeks AB
Doxycycline
Azithromycin, clarithromycin
Pot. SA
63
Q

Which AB to use against Feline rhinotracheitis

A

Doxycycline
Amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid
Azithromycin, clarithromycin

64
Q

Which AB to use against bronchitis, pneumonia (life threatening)

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid IV BID
Cephalosporins (Cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone)
Aminoglycosides (gentamycinm, tobramycin, amikacin)
Fluoroquinolones (Enro, Marbo)

65
Q

Which AB to use against bronchitis, pneumonia (not life threatening)

A

Tetracycline
Macrolides
Pot. SA

66
Q

Which AB to use against Kennel cough

A

Doxycycline –> antiinflammatory
Pot. SA
Macrolides

  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
67
Q

Which AB to use against aspiration pneumonia

A

Broad spectrum beta-lactam + enrofloxacin (Aminoglycoside) + metronidazole

GC is contraindicated!

68
Q

Which AB to use against pyothorax

A

Broad spectrum beta-lactam + fluoroquinolone (Aminoglycoside) + metronidazole

69
Q

Which AB to use against gingivitis, periodontitis

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Metronidazole + spiramycin
Clindamycin
Cefovecin

70
Q

Which AB to use against life threatening bacterial enteritis (Campylobacter)

A

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Clindamycin

71
Q

Which AB to use against life threatening bacterial enteritis (E. coli)

A

Fluoroquinolones

72
Q

Which AB to use against Antibiotic responsive diarrhoea

A

Tylosin
Metronidazole
Oxytetracycline

73
Q

Which AB to use against chronic colitis

A

Metronidazole
Tylosin
Sulfasalazine
Masalazine

74
Q

Which AB to use against Parvovirosis

A

IV Amoxicillin clavulanic acid

Fluoroquinolone/aminoglycoside

75
Q

Which AB to use against UTI (E. coli)

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
2nd & 3rd gen Cephalosporins: Cepalexin, Cefuroxime, Cefovecin (CIA)
Pot. SA

Fluoroquinolones (Enro, Marbo)

76
Q

Which AB to use against prostatitis

A

Fluoroquinolones
Pot. SA
Phenicols

77
Q

Which AB to use against cystitis

A

1st line: Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, cefalexin, Pot. SA

2nd line: Cefovecin, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurantoin/fosfomycin/amikazin

78
Q

Which AB to use against pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones (high dose!)

Ceftriaxon - Aminoglycoside (Gentamycinm tobramycin, amikacin)

79
Q

When should we avoid the usage of the antibiotic

A 
Pharyngitis, tonsilitis?
Acute rhinitis
CIRCD (first 10 days)
Mild gingivitis, periodontitis
Acute enteritis (if good general condition)
Cat FLUTD

Prudent use of antibiotics (4 decks)

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