Proximal forelimb-B

Question 1

Dzs of proximal forelimb

Answer 1

1. Radial N. paralysis
2. Olecranon fractures
3. Shoulder OCD
4. Shoulder OA
5. Suprascapular nerve paralysis (Sweeny)

Question 2

Radial nerve innervates

Answer 2

extensors of elbow, carpus and digits

Question 3

Radial nerve paralysis etiology

Answer 3

1. trauma
2. kicks/falls
3. lateral recumbency
4. general anesthesia

Question 4

Radial n. paralysis CS

Answer 4

1. dropped elbow
2. inability to extend limb
3. dragging limb along ground

Question 5

Radial n paralysis TX

Answer 5

1. Stall rest
2. systemic abx
3. Full limb splint
   - allows weightbearing
   - prevents breakdown of other leg
4. surgical release of entrapped nerve-chronic cases

Question 6

Radial n. paralysis prognosis

Answer 6

mild/acute cases-guarded

chronic-poor

Question 7

Radial fractures etiology

Answer 7

Rare
Usually result of trauma from kick
Often comminuted
Simple/transverse/spiral-can manage conservatively

Question 8

In radial fractures the tension surface is the

Answer 8

cranial and lateral surface

Question 9

In Radial fractures it is not recommended to

Answer 9

cast limb

Question 10

Olecranon fracture etiology

Answer 10

result from trauma, kick or fall

Question 11

Olecranon fracture CS

Answer 11

Dropped elbow
Flexed carpus
Pain on limb extension

Question 12

Types of olecranon fracture

Answer 12

6 types

Question 13

Olecranon fracture TX conservative

Answer 13

1. If non-articular, horse can be cross tied for 8 weeks

- flexor tendon contracture, triceps trophy, non-union, elbow arthritis, ALD in contralateral leg, laminitis if adult

Question 14

Olecranon fracture TX SX

Answer 14

Tension band principle to counteract pull of the triceps muscle

Question 15

OCD and SBCs of elbow

Answer 15

Diagnosis and treatment same as for other joints

Question 16

OCD in humerus denoted by

Answer 16

Humeral condylar flattening

-results in osteochondral flap formation

Question 17

SBCs tend to occur in

Answer 17

1. distal humerus
2. proximal radius
3. Olecranon-rare

Question 18

Shoulder diseases

Answer 18

1. OCD/SBCs
2. Supraglenoid tubercle fracture
3. Suprascapular nerve paralysis (Sweeny)

Question 19

Shoulder OC

Answer 19

1. Occurs typically in weanlings and yearlings
2. Mild intermittent or even severe lameness
3. Manipulations of shoulder increases lameness
4. Horse may circumduct limb during exam

Question 20

Shoulder OC dx

Answer 20

based on clinical signs with intra-articular anesthesia

Question 21

Cyst like lesions in shoulder most commonly occur in

Answer 21

the glenoid cavity

Question 22

Shoulder OC TX

Answer 22

Conservative
1. systemic NSAIDS
2. rest
3. diet modification
4. IA HA or adequan
Surgery
1. arthroscopic debridement

Question 23

Shoulder OC prognosis

Answer 23

good-mild lesions with surgery

poor-significant DJD

Question 24

Supraglenoid tubercle fractures

Answer 24

1. Can disrupt stay apparatus (extend elbow while shoulder is flexed)
2. Tx of choice placement of screws in lag fashion and tension band wiring, +/- biceps transection
3. good prognosis with appropriate treatment

Question 25

Suprascapular nerve paralysis

Answer 25

Nsaids
Rest
Hydrotherapy
Rehabilitation
Supra scapular notch if 3 months no improvement
Prognosis good with early treatment, although prolonged recovery (6-18 months)
Poor prognosis if muscle atrophy remains after 10 months

Question 26

Bicipital bursitis

Answer 26

1. Bursa under tendon of biceps brachii
2. pain on palpation of shoulder and during flexion
3. Intrabursal anesthesia for dx
4. tx is rest, nsaids, intrabursal corticosteroids