Proximal equine Flashcards
What are some of the main differences below the tarsus/hock in a dog and horse?
- 3rd digit weight bearing
- no muscle
Describe the wing of the ilium in a horse
- Horizontal orientation on wing projecting laterally
- Tuber sacrale is the highest point
- tuber ischium projects caudally
Why is deep palpation of the tuber ischium required?
Large muscles at the gluteal region cover it
How is the sacroiliac joint different in a horse compared to a dog?
5 fused sacral vertebrae in a horse (dog = 3)
Where is the broad ligament situated and what is its function?
- runs from dorsal sacrum and C1 to ischiatic tuberosity
- protects the pelvic cavity
- softens at parturition
Which ligaments attach to the fovea on the head of the femur?
- ligament of the head of the fovea
- accessory ligament
Where does the accessory ligament extend from and where does it sit?
Prepubic tendon extension
Runs from pecten, under the transverse ligaments
What does the accessory ligament prevent?
Abduction - cannot kick laterally
What are the functions of the gluteal muscles?
- limb retractor
- hip extensor
Why is dislocation of the hip rare?
2 sets of ligaments provide additional strength
How many parts are there on the greater trochanter in
1) a dog?
2) a horse?
1 = 1 2 = 2 (cranial and caudal)
What is the purpose of an expanded trochlear ridge that is specific to horses?
Patella locking mechanism - tuber of the medial trochlear ridge
Which sesamoid bones are present in a horse at the hock level?
patella only
Which patella ligaments engage with the medial trochlear ridge?
medial and middle
What is the role of the patella locking mechanism?
- part of stay apparatus
- locks leg in extension
- call allow other hindlimb to rest
