Axial skeleton 2

Question 1

What are the 3 main body cavities?

Answer 1

1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominal cavity
3. pelvic cavity

Question 2

Name the number of each in a dog:

1. thoracic vertebrae
2. ribs
3. intercostal spaces
4. sternebrae

Answer 2

1 = 13
2 = 13
3 = 12
4 = 8

Question 3

How many articular facets are there per vertebrae?

Answer 3

4

- 2 cranial and 2 caudal

Question 4

What are the 3 exceptions that don’t have 4 articular facets and have limited movement?

Answer 4

• Atlanto-occipital joint
• Sacrum
• Caudal / coccygeal region

Question 5

Which 3 structures lie between the skin and the ribs?

Answer 5

• Cutaneous trunci
• Superficial fascia
• Deep fascia and muscles

Question 6

Which muscles lie dorsal to the level of the transverse process?

Answer 6

Epaxial muscles

Question 7

Which ligament supports the head and allows extension of the head/neck?

Answer 7

Nuchal ligament

Question 8

Where are hypaxial muscles located?

Answer 8

Ventral to the level of the transverse process

Question 9

What are the 3 groups of longitudinal epaxial muscles?

Answer 9

1. Transversospinalis - medial
2. Longissimus - middle
3. Illiocostalis - lateral

Question 10

What is the function of the longitudinal epaxial muscles?

Answer 10

Extension of the vertebral column and lateral movement

Question 11

What are the 4 accessory inspirator muscles?

Answer 11

1. Serratus ventralis
2. Scalenus
3. Rectus thoracis
4. Serratus dorsalis cranialis

Question 12

What is the main muscle of respiration?

Answer 12

Diaphragm

Question 13

What muscles lie between ribs?

Answer 13

External and internal intercostal muscles

Question 14

In what direction do the muscles fibres go in

1. External intercostal
2. Internal intercostal

Answer 14

1 = caudoventral
2 = cranioventral

Question 15

Where does the Linea alba run from?

Answer 15

Sternum to pelvis/pubis