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Hindlimb > Distal hindlimb > Flashcards

Distal hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the stifle joint?

A

Femur
Tibia
Sesamoids

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2
Q

What are the non-articular components of the stifle joint?

A

Intercondylar fossa

Intercondylar eminence

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3
Q

What is the meniscus?

A

Lateral and medial C-shaped cartilage at the stifle joint

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4
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the meniscus?

A
  • Stabilise joint
  • Cushioning
  • Proprioception
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5
Q

Name the 3 meniscal ligaments

A
  • menisco-tibial ligaments
  • transverse ligament
  • menisco-femoral ligament
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6
Q

Why does the stifle joint need ligamental support?

A
  • hold bones together
  • resist rotation
  • limit flexion and extension
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7
Q

Where do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments attach?

A
  1. Medial epicondyle femur - tibia

2. Lateral epicondyle femur - tibia

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8
Q

Where are the cruciate ligaments located?

A
  • between the femur and tibia

- attach to the intercondylar eminence of the femur and the intercondylar fossa of the tibia

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9
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the cruciate ligaments?

A
  • maintain femur on menisci

- resist rotation

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10
Q

When the joint is flexed, which direction does the patella move?

A

Downwards

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11
Q

What is the function of the patella ligament?

A
  • hold patella in trochlear groove
  • allow it to glide proximally and distally
  • no lateral movement
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12
Q

What are the 3 components of the synovial joint capsule in the stifle joint?

A
  1. Femoro-patellar
  2. Medial femoro-tibial
  3. Lateral femoro-tibial
  • form one capsule that can communicate
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13
Q

Why is the medial fabella not visible on a cats radiograph?

A

It does not mineralise/calcify as much as the lateral fabella

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14
Q

What group of muscles are located cranially to the stifle joint?

A

Stifle extensors

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15
Q

Which muscles are the stifle extensors, which nerve innervates them?

A

Sartorius (2 heads)
Quadriceps
- femoral nerve

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16
Q

Which 4 muscles are stifle flexors?

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
  • Gastrocnemius
17
Q

How many tarsal bones are there in a dog and pig?

A

7

18
Q

Which bones make up the proximal tarsus bones?

A

Talus and calcaneus

19
Q

Which tendon passes by the sustentaculum of the calcaneus?

A

DDFT

20
Q

Which tarsus bone has 2 centres of ossification (all of the others have 1)?

A

Calcaneus

21
Q

What is the name of the joint between the tarsus and the crus?

A

Tarso-crural joint

22
Q

Describe the movement at the tarsus

A

Wide range of flexion

- Most movement at tarso-crural joint

23
Q

How is the joint capsule at the tarsus different to the stifle?

A

Poor communication between the compartments

24
Q

What is the function of the plantar ligament?

A

Counteracts pull on calcanean tuberosity by common calcanean tendon

Hindlimb (8 decks)

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