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parasitology > protozoans > Flashcards

protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms are transmitted via contaminated food or water via an arthropod vector?

A

protozoans

malaria- arthropod vector

Infect the intestinal area or blood.

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2
Q

What are the four groups of parasites?

A
  1. Amoebas
  2. Flagellates
  3. Ciliates
  4. Coccidia (Malaria)
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3
Q

How can you identify the first three parasites?

A

Look for cyst form or troph form.

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4
Q

What is usually the infective form of parasites?

A

CYST form

TROPH form is usually not the infective form.

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5
Q

What is the general characteristic of cyst and troph forms?

A

Cyst form is non motile; Troph form is motile and feeding form.

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6
Q

What is the shape of cysts and trophs?

A

Cysts are normally round; Trophs may take on a variety of different shapes.

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7
Q

How many nuclei does a troph typically have?

A

Normally a troph will only have 1 nucleus.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of amoebas?

A

Diarrhea and stomach pain.

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9
Q

What is Entamoeba Histolytica associated with?

A

Amoebic dysentery, which means blood in stool.

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10
Q

Where is Entamoeba Histolytica commonly found?

A

In tropic and subtropic regions.

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11
Q

What is the pathogenicity of Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Depends on host and number of organisms seen.

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12
Q

What is a unique feature of Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

It is the only amoeba that ingests red blood cells.

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst form of Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Regular even chromatin, centrally placed karyosomes, blunt shaped chromatin bar, and up to 4 nuclei.

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Feeding form, irregular shape, 1 nucleus, and chromatin evenly placed.

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15
Q

What is Entamoeba dispar?

A

A non-pathogenic look-alike to E. histolytica.

DNA probes prove this

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16
Q

What distinguishes Entamoeba Hartmanni from Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Differentiated through size; cyst < 10 um = Hartmanni.

hartmanni is a mini me of histolytica

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst form of Entamoeba Hartmanni?

A

Regular even chromatin, centrally placed karyosomes, blunt shaped chromatin bar, up to 4 nuclei, and smaller than E. histolytica!!!

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Entamoeba Hartmanni?

A

No ingested RBCs, 1 nucleus, and chromatin evenly placed with karyosome central

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19
Q

What is unique about Entamoeba coli?

A

It is larger than E. histolytica and pathogenicity depends on the number of organisms found.

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst form of Entamoeba coli?

A

Up to 8 nuclei, blunt and uneven chromatin, and eccentric karyosomes.

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Entamoeba coli?

A

Larger than E. histolytica, 1 nuclei

22
Q

What is Endolimax nana?

A

Pathogenicity depends on how heavy the infection.

23
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst form of Endolimax nana?

A

Egg or oval shaped, up to 4 nuclei, and blotchy karyosomes, no peripheral chromatin

24
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Endolimax nana?

A

1 nucleus and blotchy karyosomes.

25
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst form of Iodamoeba butschlii?

A

Hallowed out glycogen vacuole and 1 nucleus.

26
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Iodamoeba butschlii?

A

1 nucleus and looks similar to E. nana (need cyst form to tell difference)

27
Q

What is Blastocystis Hominis?

A

A debated pathogenicity organism, between fungus and parasite; granules along the side.

28
Q

What is Nagleri Fowleri?

A

A brain amoeba causing primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

ONLY troph stage seen but has both

29
Q

How does Nagleri Fowleri infect humans?

A

Swims up the nose and enters the brain.

30
Q

What is Acanthamoeba?

A

Causes chronic granulomatous encephalitis and is associated with homemade contact lenses.

31
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Acanthamoeba?

A

Cyst and troph forms; identification done by ophthalmologist by scraping corneal ulcer and placed on agar-agar with aliquot of heat killed/live e.coli

32
Q

What are the general characteristics of flagellates?

A

They move by flagella; cyst is the infective form and diagnostic.

33
Q

What is Giardia duodenalis?

A

The most common intestinal flagellate seen in the US.

CAUSES purple burps- lots of gas

seen in summer months

34
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst stage of Giardia duodenalis?

A

Bigger than yeast,
- football shape
-dividing structure called axoneme
-parabasal bodies
- 4 nuclei but typ, 2

35
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Giardia duodenalis?

A

Feeding form
-elongated shape
-2 nuclei with axoneme
-falling leaf motility
-common to see
-taper at end
-see flagella

36
Q

What is Dientamoeba fragilis?

A

A flagellate with only troph stage; co-infects with pinworm
-hard to identify because degrades quickly once passed through stool
-symmetry of nuclei

37
Q

What is Chilomastix mesnilii?

A

A small parasite with a pear or lemon-shaped cyst.

-usually not pathogenic

38
Q

What are the characteristics of the cyst form of Chilomastix mesnilii?

A

Lemon shaped, 1 nucleus, and shepherd’s crook- cytostome

39
Q

What is Trichomonas Vaginalis?

A

A sexually transmitted parasite that affects humans only.

ONLY troph stage

40
Q

What are the symptoms of Trichomonas Vaginalis in women?

A

Itching, frothy discharge, and strawberry patch appearance in vaginal wall

41
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph stage of Trichomonas Vaginalis?

A

Infective and diagnostic phase; motile with an undulating membrane.

motile helps with diagnose but if sits still will stop moving and look like WBC

42
Q

What is Balantidium coli?

A

The only pathogenic ciliate to humans and the largest protozoan to infect man.

43
Q

what does asymptomatic entamoeba histolytica look like?

A

shedding organism in the stool which they can pass on and affect others

44
Q

what can severe infections of entamoeba histolytica look like

A

shed pieces of intestinal mucosa and get tumor like lesions with multiple diarrheic episodes per day

45
Q

how can giardia be diagnosed

A

immunoassay. ELISA, multiple methods

46
Q

What are the characteristics of the troph form of Chilomastix mesnilii?

A

oblong shape
nucleus moved to front or anterior

47
Q

men symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

A

urethritis and discharge; typ. asymptomatic

48
Q

what may cause false + with leukocyte esterase test

A

trichomonas vaginalis

49
Q

what is reservoir of balantidium coli

A

not sure, but thinking infected swine

50
Q

balantidium coli cyst and troph form

A

macro and micro nucleus

51
Q

balantidium coli only troph form

A

cilia only present in this stage- moving stage

parasitology (7 decks)

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