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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

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1
Q

The subkingdom ______________ includes eukaryotic unicellular animals

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

The various life functions of Protozoans are carried out by specialized intracellular structures known as ______________

A

organelles

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3
Q

Each group of protozoa exhibits ____________________ by which it can be identified

A

morphologic differentiation

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4
Q

Most protozoa multiply by ______________

A

binary fission

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5
Q

The following groups of protozoa are considered:

A
  1. Amebae that move by means of pseudopodia
  2. Protozoa that possess one to several flagella
  3. Protozoa that move by means of many cilia on the cell surface
  4. Protozoa that do not exhibit an obvious mode of
    mobility but can glide nonetheless. (This same group uses
    sexual reproduction during the life cycle.)
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6
Q

Examples of important intestinal protozoa

A
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Cyclospora cyatenensi
  • Balantidium coli
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7
Q

Transmitted by the faecal-oral route and cause diarrhoea

A

intestinal protozoa

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8
Q

intestinal protozoa transmitted by the _______and cause __________

A

faecal-oral route; diarrhoea

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9
Q

world-wide distribution, lives in the small intestine and results in malabsorption

A

Giardia lamblia

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10
Q

may invade the colon and cause bloody diarrhoea – amoebic dysentery. Also causes amoebic liver abscess.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

more prevalent in the immunocompromised

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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12
Q

parasitizes the small intestinal mucosa and may cause diarrhoea for several weeks

A

Cyclospora cyatenensis

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13
Q

a large motile ciliated parasite that lives in the colon of pigs, humans and rodents and can lead to colonic ulceration

A

Balantidium coli

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14
Q

Detected in the blood

A

systemic protozoa

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15
Q

Examples of important systemic protozoa

A
  • Plasmodium
  • Toxoplasma gondi
  • Leishmania
  • Trypanosoma
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16
Q

the cause of malaria

A

Plasmodium

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17
Q

There are 4 species of Plasmodium that infect man:

A
  • P. falciparum
  • P. vivax
  • P. ovale
  • P. malariae
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18
Q

transmitted by the ingestion of oocysts from cat faeces. Infection can lead to ocular problems and is also a cause of neonatal toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondi

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19
Q

transmitted by sand flies, can lead to visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania

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20
Q

Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
* In Africa -

A

sleeping sickness

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21
Q
  • Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
  • In Africa - sleeping sickness (transmitted by the ___________)
A

Tsetse fly

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22
Q
  • Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
  • In South America -
A

Chagas disease

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23
Q
  • Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
  • In South America - Chagas disease (transmitted by the __________________)
A

Reduviid bug

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24
Q

_____________________ in the order Amoebida which include parasites of
humans, can be found worldwide

A

Amebae

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25
Q

The motile, reproducing, feeding stage (the ___________)
lives most commonly in the lower gastrointestinal
tract.

A

trophozoite

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26
Q

Transmission of Amebae

A

Generally, by ingestion of cysts in fecally contaminated food or water.

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27
Q

Flagellates in the class __________________ include the pathogenic protozoa that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, atria, bloodstream, or tissues of humans

A

Zoomastigophorea

28
Q

In the order ________________, the pathogenic ___________
and ______________ flagellates are found multiplying in the blood
(hemoflagellates) or tissue of humans.

A

Kinetoplastida; Trypanosoma; Leishmania

29
Q

two subspecies of Trypanosoma

A

T. brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense

30
Q

cause East and West African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma

31
Q

form can be found extracellularly in a human blood smear in the plasma, in tissues such as lymph-node biopsies, or in the CNS late in the disease

A

Trypomastigote

32
Q

form in tissues such as the heart

A

Amastigote

33
Q

Organisms in the ____________________________ are characterized by ectoplasmic cilia covering the surface, two different kinds of nuclei (a large kidney-shaped macronucleus and a small micronucleus), and other well-developed organelles, such as an oral ___________.

A

Kinetofragminophorea class (phylum Ciliophora); cytostome

34
Q

are obligate endoparasitic protozoa with no apparent organelles of locomotion

A

Sporozoan parasites

35
Q

an allergic response to released parasitic antigens
when toxic materials are released from many ruptured RBCs

A

Paroxysm

36
Q

occurs in various nucleated cells of many species of
mammals and birds, and sporogony occurs in the intestinal mucosa of the definitive host

A

Schizogony

37
Q

is a sporozoan parasite that infects and undergoes
schizogony in all nucleated cells of almost all animals and birds.

A

Toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

Toxoplasma divides mitotically in the tissues of humans as ____________

A

tachyzoites

39
Q

divides mitotically in the tissues of humans as tachyzoites

A

Toxoplasma

40
Q

(formerly Pseudocysts) form in brain and other tissues

A

Cysts

41
Q

contain in cyst and will remain viable for long periods

A

Bradyzoites

42
Q

Examples of important intestinal nematodes

A
  • Trichuris (whipworm)
  • Ancylostoma and Necator (hookworms)
  • Strongyloides
  • Ascaris (roundworm)
  • Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)
43
Q

A soil transmitted helminth

A

Trichuris (whipworm)

44
Q

prevalent in warm, humid conditions

A

Trichuris (whipworm)

45
Q

Can cause diarrhoea, rectal prolapse and anaemia in heavily-infected people

A

Trichuris (whipworm)

46
Q

A major cause of anaemia in the tropics

A

Ancylostoma and Necator (hookworms)

47
Q

inhabits the small bowel

A

Strongyloides

48
Q

infection more severe in immunospressed people (e.g. HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, intercurrent disease)

A

Strongyloides

49
Q

Found world-wide in conditions of poor hygiene, transmitted by the faecal- oral route

A

Ascaris (roundworm)

50
Q
  • Adult worms lives in the small intestine
  • Causes eosinophilia
A

Ascaris (roundworm)

51
Q

prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics

A

Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)

52
Q

found mainly in children

A

Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)

53
Q

Examples of important systemic nematodes
Filaria worms including:

A
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Brugia malayi
  • Toxocara
54
Q

Transmitted by the simulium black fly, this microfilarial parasite can cause visual impairment, blindness and severe itching of the skin in those infected

A

Onchocerca volvulus

55
Q

The major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

56
Q

Another microfilarial parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis

A

Brugia malayi

57
Q

A world-wide infection of dogs and cats

A

Toxocara

58
Q

Human infection occurs when embryonated eggs are ingested from dog or cat faeces

A

Toxocara

59
Q

It is common in children and can cause visceral larva migrans (VLM)

A

Toxocara

60
Q

Examples of important flatworms : cestodes
Intestinal

A
  • Taenia saginata
  • Taenia solium
61
Q

Examples of important flatworms : cestodes
Systemic

A

Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) and Echinicoccus
multilocularis (rodent tapeworm)

62
Q
  • worldwide
  • acquired by ingestion of contaminated, uncooked beef
  • a common infection but causes minimal symptoms
A

Taenia saginata

63
Q
  • worldwide
  • acquired by ingestion of contaminated, uncooked pork
    that contains cystercerci
A

Taenia solium

64
Q

Less common, but causes cystercicosis – a systemic disease where cysticerci encyst in muscles and in the brain – may lead to epilepsy

A

Taenia solium

65
Q

a systemic disease where cysticerci encyst in muscles and in the brain

A

cystercicosis

66
Q

occurs when the larval stages of these organisms are ingested

A

Hydatid disease

Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture (6 decks)

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