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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

1
Q

The subkingdom ______________ includes eukaryotic unicellular animals

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

The various life functions of Protozoans are carried out by specialized intracellular structures known as ______________

A

organelles

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3
Q

Each group of protozoa exhibits ____________________ by which it can be identified

A

morphologic differentiation

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4
Q

Most protozoa multiply by ______________

A

binary fission

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5
Q

The following groups of protozoa are considered:

A
  1. Amebae that move by means of pseudopodia
  2. Protozoa that possess one to several flagella
  3. Protozoa that move by means of many cilia on the cell surface
  4. Protozoa that do not exhibit an obvious mode of
    mobility but can glide nonetheless. (This same group uses
    sexual reproduction during the life cycle.)
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6
Q

Examples of important intestinal protozoa

A
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Cryptosporidium parvum
  • Cyclospora cyatenensi
  • Balantidium coli
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7
Q

Transmitted by the faecal-oral route and cause diarrhoea

A

intestinal protozoa

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8
Q

intestinal protozoa transmitted by the _______and cause __________

A

faecal-oral route; diarrhoea

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9
Q

world-wide distribution, lives in the small intestine and results in malabsorption

A

Giardia lamblia

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10
Q

may invade the colon and cause bloody diarrhoea – amoebic dysentery. Also causes amoebic liver abscess.

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

more prevalent in the immunocompromised

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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12
Q

parasitizes the small intestinal mucosa and may cause diarrhoea for several weeks

A

Cyclospora cyatenensis

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13
Q

a large motile ciliated parasite that lives in the colon of pigs, humans and rodents and can lead to colonic ulceration

A

Balantidium coli

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14
Q

Detected in the blood

A

systemic protozoa

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15
Q

Examples of important systemic protozoa

A
  • Plasmodium
  • Toxoplasma gondi
  • Leishmania
  • Trypanosoma
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16
Q

the cause of malaria

A

Plasmodium

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17
Q

There are 4 species of Plasmodium that infect man:

A
  • P. falciparum
  • P. vivax
  • P. ovale
  • P. malariae
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18
Q

transmitted by the ingestion of oocysts from cat faeces. Infection can lead to ocular problems and is also a cause of neonatal toxoplasmosis

A

Toxoplasma gondi

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19
Q

transmitted by sand flies, can lead to visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania

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20
Q

Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
* In Africa -

A

sleeping sickness

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21
Q
  • Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
  • In Africa - sleeping sickness (transmitted by the ___________)
A

Tsetse fly

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22
Q
  • Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
  • In South America -
A

Chagas disease

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23
Q
  • Trypanosoma: haemoflagellates cause
  • In South America - Chagas disease (transmitted by the __________________)
A

Reduviid bug

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24
Q

_____________________ in the order Amoebida which include parasites of
humans, can be found worldwide

A

Amebae

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25
The motile, reproducing, feeding stage (the ___________) lives most commonly in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
trophozoite
26
Transmission of Amebae
Generally, by ingestion of cysts in fecally contaminated food or water.
27
Flagellates in the class __________________ include the pathogenic protozoa that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, atria, bloodstream, or tissues of humans
Zoomastigophorea
28
In the order ________________, the pathogenic ___________ and ______________ flagellates are found multiplying in the blood (hemoflagellates) or tissue of humans.
Kinetoplastida; Trypanosoma; Leishmania
29
two subspecies of Trypanosoma
T. brucei rhodesiense and T. brucei gambiense
30
cause East and West African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma
31
form can be found extracellularly in a human blood smear in the plasma, in tissues such as lymph-node biopsies, or in the CNS late in the disease
Trypomastigote
32
form in tissues such as the heart
Amastigote
33
Organisms in the ____________________________ are characterized by ectoplasmic cilia covering the surface, two different kinds of nuclei (a large kidney-shaped macronucleus and a small micronucleus), and other well-developed organelles, such as an oral ___________.
Kinetofragminophorea class (phylum Ciliophora); cytostome
34
are obligate endoparasitic protozoa with no apparent organelles of locomotion
Sporozoan parasites
35
an allergic response to released parasitic antigens when toxic materials are released from many ruptured RBCs
Paroxysm
36
occurs in various nucleated cells of many species of mammals and birds, and sporogony occurs in the intestinal mucosa of the definitive host
Schizogony
37
is a sporozoan parasite that infects and undergoes schizogony in all nucleated cells of almost all animals and birds.
Toxoplasma gondii
38
Toxoplasma divides mitotically in the tissues of humans as ____________
tachyzoites
39
divides mitotically in the tissues of humans as tachyzoites
Toxoplasma
40
(formerly Pseudocysts) form in brain and other tissues
Cysts
41
contain in cyst and will remain viable for long periods
Bradyzoites
42
Examples of important intestinal nematodes
- Trichuris (whipworm) - Ancylostoma and Necator (hookworms) - Strongyloides - Ascaris (roundworm) - Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)
43
A soil transmitted helminth
Trichuris (whipworm)
44
prevalent in warm, humid conditions
Trichuris (whipworm)
45
Can cause diarrhoea, rectal prolapse and anaemia in heavily-infected people
Trichuris (whipworm)
46
A major cause of anaemia in the tropics
Ancylostoma and Necator (hookworms)
47
inhabits the small bowel
Strongyloides
48
infection more severe in immunospressed people (e.g. HIV/AIDS, malnutrition, intercurrent disease)
Strongyloides
49
Found world-wide in conditions of poor hygiene, transmitted by the faecal- oral route
Ascaris (roundworm)
50
- Adult worms lives in the small intestine - Causes eosinophilia
Ascaris (roundworm)
51
prevalent in cold and temperate climates but rare in the tropics
Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)
52
found mainly in children
Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)
53
Examples of important systemic nematodes Filaria worms including:
- Onchocerca volvulus - Wuchereria bancrofti - Brugia malayi - Toxocara
54
Transmitted by the simulium black fly, this microfilarial parasite can cause visual impairment, blindness and severe itching of the skin in those infected
Onchocerca volvulus
55
The major causative agent of lymphatic filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
56
Another microfilarial parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis
Brugia malayi
57
A world-wide infection of dogs and cats
Toxocara
58
Human infection occurs when embryonated eggs are ingested from dog or cat faeces
Toxocara
59
It is common in children and can cause visceral larva migrans (VLM)
Toxocara
60
Examples of important flatworms : cestodes Intestinal
- Taenia saginata - Taenia solium
61
Examples of important flatworms : cestodes Systemic
Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) and Echinicoccus multilocularis (rodent tapeworm)
62
- worldwide - acquired by ingestion of contaminated, uncooked beef - a common infection but causes minimal symptoms
Taenia saginata
63
- worldwide - acquired by ingestion of contaminated, uncooked pork that contains cystercerci
Taenia solium
64
Less common, but causes cystercicosis – a systemic disease where cysticerci encyst in muscles and in the brain – may lead to epilepsy
Taenia solium
65
a systemic disease where cysticerci encyst in muscles and in the brain
cystercicosis
66
occurs when the larval stages of these organisms are ingested
Hydatid disease

Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture (6 decks)

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