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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture > Microbial Growth Control > Flashcards

Microbial Growth Control Flashcards

1
Q

The destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores. Usually used only on inanimate objects

A

Disinfection

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2
Q

The complete removal or destruction of all viable microorganisms. Used on inanimate objects

A

Sterilization

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3
Q

Chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens

A

Antisepsis

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4
Q

Chemicals used internally to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms within host tissues

A

Chemotherapy

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5
Q

The killing or removal of all viable organisms within a growth medium

A

Sterilization

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6
Q

Effectively limiting microbial growth

A

Inhibition

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7
Q

The treatment of an object to make it safe to handle

A

Decontamination

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8
Q

Directly targets the removal of all pathogens, not necessarily all microorganisms

A

Disinfection

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9
Q

is the most widely used method of
controlling microbial growth

A

Heat sterilization

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10
Q

High temperatures ________________ macromolecules

A

denature

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11
Q

Amount of time required to reduce viability tenfold is called the

A

decimal reduction time

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12
Q

Some bacteria produce resistant cells called

A

endospores

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13
Q

Can survive heat that would rapidly kill vegetative cells

A

endospores

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14
Q

is a sealed device that uses steam
under pressure

A

autoclave

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15
Q

Allows temperature of water to get above 100ºC

A

autoclave

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16
Q

It’s not the pressure, but the ________________, that kills
the microbes

A

high temperature

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17
Q

is the process of using precisely
controlled heat to reduce the microbial load in heat-sensitive liquids

A

Pasteurization

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18
Q

can reduce microbial growth

A

Microwaves, UV, X-rays, gamma rays, and electrons

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19
Q

has sufficient energy to cause modifications
and breaks in DNA

A

UV

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20
Q

is useful for decontaminating surfaces

A

UV

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21
Q

Cannot penetrate solid, opaque, or light-absorbing surfaces

A

UV

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22
Q

Electromagnetic radiation that produces ions and other reactive molecules

A

Ionizing radiation

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23
Q

Generates electrons, hydroxyl radicals, and hydride radicals

A

Ionizing radiation

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24
Q

Amount of energy required to reduce viability tenfold is

A

analogous to D value

25
Sources of radiation include
cathode ray tubes, X-rays, and radioactive nuclides
26
is used for sterilization in the medical field and food industry
Radiation
27
is approved by the WHO and is used in the USA for decontaminating foods particularly susceptible to microbial contamination
Radiation
28
avoids the use of heat on sensitive liquids and gases
Filtration
29
are too small for organisms to pass through
Pores of filter
30
allow liquid or gas to pass through
Pores
31
HEPA filters
Depth filters
32
HEPA filters meaning
high-efficiency particulate absorbing filter
33
Function more like a sieve
Membrane filters
34
Filtration can be accomplished by
syringe, pump, or vacuum
35
A type of membrane filter is the
nucleation track (nucleopore) filter
36
Antimicrobial agents can be classified as
bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, and bacteriolytic
37
is the smallest amount of an agent needed to inhibit growth of a microorganism
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
38
Antimicrobial agent added to filter paper disc
Disc diffusion assay
39
uses solid media
Disc diffusion assay
40
Area of no growth around disc
Zone of inhibition
41
These antimicrobial agents can be divided into two categories
Products used to control microorganisms in commercial and industrial applications
42
Products designed to prevent growth of human pathogens in inanimate environments and on external body surfaces
Sterilants, disinfectants, sanitizers, and antiseptics
43
larger populations take longer to kill than smaller populations
Population size
44
microorganisms differ markedly in their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents
Population composition
45
usually higher concentrations or intensities kill more rapidly
Concentration or intensity of an antimicrobial agent
46
relationship is not linear
Concentration or intensity of an antimicrobial agent
47
longer exposure --->
more organisms killed
48
Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Agent Activity
- Concentration or intensity of an antimicrobial agent - Duration of exposure - Temperature - Local environment
49
a closed-system microbial culture of fixed volume
Batch culture
50
Typical growth curve for population of cells grown in a closed system is characterized by four phases
Lag phase Exponential phase Stationary phase Death phase
51
Interval between inoculation of a culture and beginning of growth
Lag phase
52
Cells in this phase are typically in the healthiest state
Exponential phase
53
- Growth rate of population is zero - Either an essential nutrient is used up, or waste product of the organism accumulates in the medium
Stationary phase
54
If incubation continues after cells reach stationary phase, the cells will eventually die
Death phase
55
an open-system microbial culture of fixed volume
Continuous culture
56
most common type of continuous culture device
Chemostat
57
Both growth rate and population density of culture can be controlled __________________________ and ________________________
independently and simultaneously
58
rate at which fresh medium is pumped in and spent medium is pumped out
Dilution rate

Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture (6 decks)

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