Fungi

Question 1

Fungi are placed in a separate kingdom called the

Answer 1

Kingdom Fungi

Question 2

THE SIX KINGDOMS

Answer 2

• Plantae (Multicellular, eukaryotic)
• Animalia (Multicellular, eukaryotic)
• Fungi (Multicellular, eukaryotic)
• Protista (Eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular)
• Eubacteria (Unicellular, prokaryotic)
• Archaebacteria (Unicellular, prokaryotic)

Question 3

live on dead organisms

Answer 3

saprobes

Question 4

digest food first & then absorb it into their bodies

Answer 4

Absorptive heterotrophs

Question 5

Release digestive enzymes to break down organic material or their host

Answer 5

fungi

Question 6

Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment

Answer 6

fungi

Question 7

Most fungi are _____________, except _______________

Answer 7

multicellular; unicellular yeast

Question 8

fungi lack _______________________

Answer 8

true roots, stems or leaves

Question 9

fungi cell walls are made of

Answer 9

chitin

Question 10

Body is called the

Answer 10

thallus

Question 11

fungi grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called

Answer 11

hyphae

Question 12

A few fungi act like predators & capture prey like

Answer 12

roundworms

Question 13

fungi grow best in _____________ environments

Answer 13

warm, moist

Question 14

is the study of fungi

Answer 14

Mycology

Question 15

study fungi

Answer 15

Mycologists

Question 16

is a chemical used to kill fungi

Answer 16

Fungicide

Question 17

Fungi include:

Answer 17

• puffballs
• yeasts
• mushrooms
• toadstools
• rusts
• smuts
• ringworm
• molds

Question 18

Penicillin antibiotic is made by the ______________

Answer 18

Penicillium mold

Question 19

shape of hyphae

Answer 19

tubular

Question 20

hyphae is filled with

Answer 20

cytoplasm and nuclei

Question 21

Cross-walls called ____________ may form compartments

Answer 21

SEPTA

Question 22

Septa have ________ for movement of cytoplasm

Answer 22

pores

Question 23

Hyphae form network called _____________ that run through the thallus

Answer 23

mycelia

Question 24

horizontal hyphae that connect groups of hyphae to each other

Answer 24

Stolons

Question 25

rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus

Answer 25

Rhizoids

Question 26

Fungi may be classified based on cell division (with or without cytokinesis):

Answer 26

- Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa) - Septate (with septa)

Question 27

Hyphae grow from their _____

Answer 27

tips

Question 28

is an extensive, feeding web of hyphae

Answer 28

Mycelium

Question 29

are the ecologically active bodies of fungi

Answer 29

Mycelia

Question 30

Fungi reproduce _____________ when conditions are poor & nutrients scarce

Answer 30

SEXUALLY

Question 31

is most common method & produces genetically identical organisms

Answer 31

Asexual Reproduction

Question 32

are an adaptation to life on land

Answer 32

Spores

Question 33

Ensure that the species will disperse to new locations

Answer 33

Spores

Question 34

Dispersed by wind

Answer 34

Spores

Question 35

Three types of Asexual Reproduction:

Answer 35

- Fragmentation - Budding - Asexual Spores

Question 36

part of the mycelium becomes separated & begins a life of its own

Answer 36

Fragmentation

Question 37

- a small cell forms & gets pinched off as it grows to full size - Used by yeasts

Answer 37

Budding

Question 38

production of spores by a single mycelium

Answer 38

Asexual spores

Question 39

Spores may be Formed:

Answer 39

- Directly on hyphae - Inside sporangia - On Fruiting bodies

Question 40

are modified hyphae that make asexual spores

Answer 40

Fruiting Bodies

Question 41

an upright stalk supports the spore case or Sporangium

Answer 41

Sporangiosphore

Question 42

MAJOR GROUPS OF FUNGI - Within the past few years, several groups have been re-classified into the protists - Two of these groups are the

Answer 42

slime molds and water molds

Question 43

Major Groups of Fungi:

Answer 43

- Basidiomycota - Club Fungi - Zygomycota - Bread Molds - Chytridiomycota - Chytrids - AM Fungi - Mycorrhizas - Ascomycota - Sac Fungi - Lichens - Symbiosis (algae & Fungi)

Question 44

Beneficial Effects of Fungi

Answer 44

- Decomposition - nutrient and carbon recycling. - Biosynthetic factories can be used to produce drugs, antibiotics, alcohol, acids, food (fermented products, mushrooms) - Model organisms for biochemical and genetic studies. - Production of vitamin - Hormone production + Edible fungi - Production of insecticide

Question 45

Harmful Effects of Fungi

Answer 45

- Destruction of food, lumber, paper, and cloth. - Plant diseases. - Animal diseases - human diseases, including allergies. - Toxins produced by poisonous mushrooms and within food (e.g., grain, cheese, etc.).