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Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are placed in a separate kingdom called the

A

Kingdom Fungi

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2
Q

THE SIX KINGDOMS

A
  • Plantae (Multicellular, eukaryotic)
  • Animalia (Multicellular, eukaryotic)
  • Fungi (Multicellular, eukaryotic)
  • Protista (Eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular)
  • Eubacteria (Unicellular, prokaryotic)
  • Archaebacteria (Unicellular, prokaryotic)
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3
Q

live on dead organisms

A

saprobes

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4
Q

digest food first & then absorb it into their bodies

A

Absorptive heterotrophs

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5
Q

Release digestive enzymes to break down organic material or their host

A

fungi

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6
Q

Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment

A

fungi

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7
Q

Most fungi are _____________, except _______________

A

multicellular; unicellular yeast

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8
Q

fungi lack _______________________

A

true roots, stems or leaves

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9
Q

fungi cell walls are made of

A

chitin

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10
Q

Body is called the

A

thallus

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11
Q

fungi grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called

A

hyphae

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12
Q

A few fungi act like predators & capture prey like

A

roundworms

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13
Q

fungi grow best in _____________ environments

A

warm, moist

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14
Q

is the study of fungi

A

Mycology

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15
Q

study fungi

A

Mycologists

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16
Q

is a chemical used to kill fungi

A

Fungicide

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17
Q

Fungi include:

A
  • puffballs
  • yeasts
  • mushrooms
  • toadstools
  • rusts
  • smuts
  • ringworm
  • molds
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18
Q

Penicillin antibiotic is made by the ______________

A

Penicillium mold

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19
Q

shape of hyphae

A

tubular

20
Q

hyphae is filled with

A

cytoplasm and nuclei

21
Q

Cross-walls called ____________ may form compartments

A

SEPTA

22
Q

Septa have ________ for movement of cytoplasm

A

pores

23
Q

Hyphae form network called _____________ that run through the thallus

A

mycelia

24
Q

horizontal hyphae that connect groups of hyphae to each other

A

Stolons

25
Q

rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus

A

Rhizoids

26
Q

Fungi may be classified based on cell division (with or without cytokinesis):

A
  • Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa)
  • Septate (with septa)
27
Q

Hyphae grow from their _____

A

tips

28
Q

is an extensive, feeding web of hyphae

A

Mycelium

29
Q

are the ecologically active bodies of fungi

A

Mycelia

30
Q

Fungi reproduce _____________ when conditions are poor & nutrients scarce

A

SEXUALLY

31
Q

is most common method & produces genetically identical organisms

A

Asexual Reproduction

32
Q

are an adaptation to life on land

A

Spores

33
Q

Ensure that the species will disperse to new locations

A

Spores

34
Q

Dispersed by wind

A

Spores

35
Q

Three types of Asexual Reproduction:

A
  • Fragmentation
  • Budding
  • Asexual Spores
36
Q

part of the mycelium becomes separated & begins a life of its own

A

Fragmentation

37
Q
  • a small cell forms & gets pinched off as it grows to full size
  • Used by yeasts
A

Budding

38
Q

production of spores by a single mycelium

A

Asexual spores

39
Q

Spores may be Formed:

A
  • Directly on hyphae
  • Inside sporangia
  • On Fruiting bodies
40
Q

are modified hyphae that make asexual spores

A

Fruiting Bodies

41
Q

an upright stalk supports the spore case or Sporangium

A

Sporangiosphore

42
Q

MAJOR GROUPS OF FUNGI
- Within the past few years, several groups have been re-classified into the protists
- Two of these groups are the

A

slime molds and water molds

43
Q

Major Groups of Fungi:

A
  • Basidiomycota - Club Fungi
  • Zygomycota - Bread Molds
  • Chytridiomycota - Chytrids
  • AM Fungi - Mycorrhizas
  • Ascomycota - Sac Fungi
  • Lichens - Symbiosis (algae & Fungi)
44
Q

Beneficial Effects of Fungi

A
  • Decomposition - nutrient and carbon recycling.
  • Biosynthetic factories can be used to produce drugs, antibiotics, alcohol, acids, food (fermented products, mushrooms)
  • Model organisms for biochemical and genetic studies.
  • Production of vitamin
  • Hormone production + Edible fungi
  • Production of insecticide
45
Q

Harmful Effects of Fungi

A
  • Destruction of food, lumber, paper, and cloth.
  • Plant diseases.
  • Animal diseases
  • human diseases, including allergies.
  • Toxins produced by poisonous mushrooms and within food (e.g., grain, cheese, etc.).

Microbiology and Parasitology - Lecture (6 decks)

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